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Recent advancements in quantum computing software are gradually increasing the scope and size of quantum programs being developed. At the same time, however, these larger programs provide more possibilities for functional errors that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Damian Rovara , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Designing effective quantum circuits remains a central challenge in quantum computing, as circuit structure strongly influences expressivity, trainability, and hardware feasibility. Current approaches, whether using manually designed…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Devroop Kar , Daniel Krutz , Travis Desell

Quantum computing is performed on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware in the short term. Only small circuits can be executed reliably on a quantum machine due to the unavoidable noisy quantum operations on NISQ devices, leading…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Siyuan Niu , Aida Todri-Sanial

We introduce a high-level graphical framework for designing and analysing quantum error correcting codes, centred on what we term the coherent parity check (CPC). The graphical formulation is based on the diagrammatic tools of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Nicholas Chancellor , Aleks Kissinger , Joschka Roffe , Stefan Zohren , Dominic Horsman

Quantum chemistry is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers in the near future. For noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, the quantum-classical hybrid framework based on the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) has…

Verification of quantum circuits is essential for guaranteeing correctness of quantum algorithms and/or quantum descriptions across various levels of abstraction. In this work, we show that there are promising ways to check the correctness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-11 Lukas Burgholzer , Richard Kueng , Robert Wille

With the rapid progress made by industry and academia, quantum computers with dozens of qubits or even larger size are being realized. However, the fidelity of existing quantum computers often sharply decreases as the circuit depth…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-14 Riling Li , Bujiao Wu , Mingsheng Ying , Xiaoming Sun , Guangwen Yang

In this article, we present TornadoQSim, an open-source quantum circuit simulation framework implemented in Java. The proposed framework has been designed to be modular and easily expandable for accommodating different user-defined…

In Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, quantum processing units (QPUs) suffer from, among others, highly limited connectivity between physical qubits. To make a quantum circuit effectively executable, a circuit transformation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Xiangzhen Zhou , Yuan Feng , Sanjiang Li

The main challenge of quantum computing on its way to scalability is the erroneous behaviour of current devices. Understanding and predicting their impact on computations is essential to counteract these errors with methods such as quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Tom Weber , Kerstin Borras , Karl Jansen , Dirk Krücker , Matthias Riebisch

Current technological advancements of quantum computers highlight the need for application-driven, practical and well-defined methods of benchmarking their performance. As the existing NISQ device's quality of two-qubit gate errors rate is…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Krzysztof Kurowski , Piotr Rydlichowski , Konrad Wojciechowski , Tomasz Pecyna , Mateusz Slysz

A key challenge in fault-tolerant quantum computing is synthesising and optimising circuits in a noisy environment, as traditional techniques often fail to account for the effect of noise on circuits. In this work, we propose and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Benjamin Rodatz , Boldizsár Poór , Aleks Kissinger

Quantum error correcting codes (QECC) are essential for constructing large-scale quantum computers that deliver faithful results. As strong competitors to the conventional surface code, quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Kai Zhang , Dingchao Gao , Zhaohui Yang , Runshi Zhou , Fangming Liu , Zhengfeng Ji , Jianxin Chen

The first generation of small noisy quantum processors have recently become available to non-specialists who are not required to understand specifics of the physical platforms and, in particular, the types and sources of noise. As such, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-16 Oktay Göktaş , W. K. Tham , Kent Bonsma-Fisher , Aharon Brodutch

Benchmarking quantum computers often deals with the parameters of single qubits or gates and sometimes deals with algorithms run on an entire chip or a noisy simulator of a chip. Here we propose the idea of using protocols to benchmark…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Dekel Meirom , Tal Mor , Yossi Weinstein

We propose an efficient scheme for verifying quantum computations in the `high complexity' regime i.e. beyond the remit of classical computers. Previously proposed schemes remarkably provide confidence against arbitrarily malicious…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Richard Jozsa , Sergii Strelchuk

Fast tuning of the transition frequency of superconducting qubits using magnetic flux is essential, for example, for realizing high-fidelity two-qubit gates with low leakage or for reducing errors in dispersive qubit readout. To apply…

Quantum noise is the key challenge in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. Previous work for mitigating noise has primarily focused on gate-level or pulse-level noise-adaptive compilation. However, limited research efforts…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 Hanrui Wang , Yongshan Ding , Jiaqi Gu , Zirui Li , Yujun Lin , David Z. Pan , Frederic T. Chong , Song Han

The impressive pace of advance of quantum technology calls for robust and scalable techniques for the characterization and validation of quantum hardware. Quantum process tomography, the reconstruction of an unknown quantum channel from…

The continuous growth of quantum computing and the increasingly complex quantum programs resulting from it lead to unprecedented obstacles in ensuring program correctness. Runtime assertions are, therefore, becoming a crucial tool in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Damian Rovara , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille