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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) trained on massive data may memorize sensitive personal information and photos, posing serious privacy risks. To mitigate this, MLLM unlearning methods are proposed, which fine-tune MLLMs to reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xianren Zhang , Hui Liu , Delvin Ce Zhang , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Dongwon Lee , Suhang Wang

This paper describes a testing methodology for quantitatively assessing the risk that rare or unique training-data sequences are unintentionally memorized by generative sequence models---a common type of machine-learning model. Because such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Nicholas Carlini , Chang Liu , Úlfar Erlingsson , Jernej Kos , Dawn Song

In this paper, we investigate knowledge forgetting in large language models with a focus on its generalisation, ensuring that models forget not only specific training samples but also related implicit knowledge. To this end, we begin by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Huazheng Wang , Yongcheng Jing , Haifeng Sun , Yingjie Wang , Jingyu Wang , Jianxin Liao , Dacheng Tao

Pretrained language models memorize vast amounts of information, including private and copyrighted data, raising significant safety concerns. Retraining these models after excluding sensitive data is prohibitively expensive, making machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Minseok Choi , Kyunghyun Min , Jaegul Choo

Document understanding models have recently demonstrated remarkable performance by leveraging extensive collections of user documents. However, since documents often contain large amounts of personal data, their usage can pose a threat to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Lei Kang , Mohamed Ali Souibgui , Fei Yang , Lluis Gomez , Ernest Valveny , Dimosthenis Karatzas

Machine unlearning algorithms are increasingly important as legal concerns arise around the provenance of training data, but verifying the success of unlearning is often difficult. Provable guarantees for unlearning are often limited to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Stanley Wei , Sadhika Malladi , Sanjeev Arora , Amartya Sanyal

Machine unlearning (MU) aims to expunge a designated forget set from a trained model without costly retraining, yet the existing techniques overlook two critical blind spots: "over-unlearning" that deteriorates retained data near the forget…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 SeungBum Ha , Saerom Park , Sung Whan Yoon

Data is one of the most important factors in machine learning. However, even if we have high-quality data, there is a situation in which access to the data is restricted. For example, access to the medical data from outside is strictly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Hyo-Eun Kim , Seungwook Kim , Jaehwan Lee

Machine learning models exhibit two seemingly contradictory phenomena: training data memorization, and various forms of forgetting. In memorization, models overfit specific training examples and become susceptible to privacy attacks. In…

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across various applications, privacy and copyright concerns have heightened the need for more effective LLM unlearning techniques. Many existing unlearning methods aim to suppress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Tomoya Yamashita , Akira Ito , Yuuki Yamanaka , Masanori Yamada , Takayuki Miura , Toshiki Shibahara

Data unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific training samples from a trained model without requiring full retraining. Unlike concept unlearning, data unlearning in diffusion models remains underexplored and often suffers from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jinseong Park , Mijung Park

Machine unlearning is motivated by desire for data autonomy: a person can request to have their data's influence removed from deployed models, and those models should be updated as if they were retrained without the person's data. We show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Martin Bertran , Shuai Tang , Michael Kearns , Jamie Morgenstern , Aaron Roth , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) aims to remove harmful training data while preserving overall utility. However, we find that existing methods often hallucinate, generate abnormal token sequences, or behave inconsistently, raising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Renjie Gu , Jiazhen Du , Yihua Zhang , Sijia Liu

Large language models (LLMs) may memorize sensitive or copyrighted content, raising privacy and legal concerns. Due to the high cost of retraining from scratch, researchers attempt to employ machine unlearning to remove specific content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xiaojian Yuan , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Min Lin

Neural networks pose a privacy risk due to their propensity to memorise and leak training data. We show that unique features occurring only once in training data are memorised by discriminative multi-layer perceptrons and convolutional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 John Hartley , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

We consider Representation Misdirection (RM), a class of large language model (LLM) unlearning methods that achieve forgetting by redirecting the forget-representations, that is, latent representations of forget-samples, toward a target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Tien Dang , The-Hai Nguyen , Dinh Mai Phuong , Nguyen Minh Phuong , Anh Bui , Hoang Thanh-Tung , Le-Minh Nguyen , Naoya Inoue

Continual learning is the ability to acquire new knowledge without forgetting the previously learned one, assuming no further access to past training data. Neural network approximators trained with gradient descent are known to fail in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Rodrigue Siry

Recent generative models face significant risks of producing harmful content, which has underscored the importance of machine unlearning (MU) as a critical technique for eliminating the influence of undesired data. However, existing MU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Xiang Li , Qianli Shen , Haonan Wang , Kenji Kawaguchi

In Machine Learning, the emergence of \textit{the right to be forgotten} gave birth to a paradigm named \textit{machine unlearning}, which enables data holders to proactively erase their data from a trained model. Existing machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Yi Liu , Lei Xu , Xingliang Yuan , Cong Wang , Bo Li

Recently machine unlearning (MU) is proposed to remove the imprints of revoked samples from the already trained model parameters, to solve users' privacy concern. Different from the runtime expensive retraining from scratch, there exist two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Mingxin Li , Yizhen Yu , Ning Wang , Zhigang Wang , Xiaodong Wang , Haipeng Qu , Jia Xu , Shen Su , Zhichao Yin