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As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly computationally complex, developing efficient deployment strategies, such as quantization, becomes crucial. State-of-the-art Post-training Quantization (PTQ) techniques often rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Alireza Ghaffari , Sharareh Younesian , Boxing Chen , Vahid Partovi Nia , Masoud Asgharian

Network quantization has gained increasing attention with the rapid growth of large pre-trained language models~(PLMs). However, most existing quantization methods for PLMs follow quantization-aware training~(QAT) that requires end-to-end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Haoli Bai , Lu Hou , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Irwin King , Michael R. Lyu

Microscaling floating-point (MXFP) formats have emerged as a promising standard for deploying Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) on modern accelerator architectures. However, existing Post-Training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Ji-Fu Li , Manyi Zhang , Xiaobo Xia , Han Bao , Haoli Bai , Zhenhua Dong , Xianzhi Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are costly to deploy due to their large memory footprint and high inference cost. Weight-activation quantization can reduce these costs, but low-bit activation quantization remains difficult because activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chayne Thrash , Ali Abbasi , Soheil Kolouri

Quantization reduces the model's hardware costs, such as data movement, storage, and operations like multiply and addition. It also affects the model's behavior by degrading the output quality. Therefore, there is a need for methods that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Alireza Khodamoradi , Kristof Denolf , Eric Dellinger

The increasing size and complexity of large language models (LLMs) have raised significant challenges in deployment efficiency, particularly under resource constraints. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a practical solution by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Han Liu , Haotian Gao , Changya Li , Feng Zhang , Xiaotong Zhang , Wei Wang , Hong Yu

Post-training quantization is widely employed to reduce the computational demands of neural networks. Typically, individual substructures, such as layers or blocks of layers, are quantized with the objective of minimizing quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Khasmamad Shabanovi , Lukas Wiest , Vladimir Golkov , Daniel Cremers , Thomas Pfeil

The significant resource requirements associated with Large-scale Language Models (LLMs) have generated considerable interest in the development of techniques aimed at compressing and accelerating neural networks. Among these techniques,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yuexiao Ma , Huixia Li , Xiawu Zheng , Feng Ling , Xuefeng Xiao , Rui Wang , Shilei Wen , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, but their large memory and compute demands hinder deployment. Ternarization has gained attention as a promising compression technique, delivering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Xianglong Yan , Chengzhu Bao , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Kaicheng Yang , Haotong Qin , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Yulun Zhang

Low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) is a pivotal technique for deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on resource-constrained devices. However, existing PTQ methods often degrade VLMs' accuracy due to the heterogeneous activation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yi Zhong , Haotong Qin , Xindong Zhang , Lei Zhang , Guolei Sun

Looped language models (LoopLMs) improve parameter efficiency by recursively reusing Transformer blocks, enabling deeper computation under a fixed model size. However, this reuse makes LoopLMs more fragile under post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rui Fang , Hsi-Wen Chen , Ming-Syan Chen

Transformer models have been widely adopted in various domains over the last years, and especially large language models have advanced the field of AI significantly. Due to their size, the capability of these networks has increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Yelysei Bondarenko , Markus Nagel , Tijmen Blankevoort

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a practical approach to compress large neural networks, making them highly efficient for deployment. However, effectively reducing these models to their low-bit counterparts without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Aozhong Zhang , Zi Yang , Naigang Wang , Yingyong Qi , Jack Xin , Xin Li , Penghang Yin

Recent advances in diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have introduced a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs for natural language generation tasks, leveraging full attention and denoising-based decoding strategies.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Haokun Lin , Haobo Xu , Yichen Wu , Ziyu Guo , Renrui Zhang , Zhichao Lu , Ying Wei , Qingfu Zhang , Zhenan Sun

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has received significant attention because it requires only a small set of calibration data to quantize a full-precision model, which is more practical in real-world applications in which full access to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Cuong Pham , Hoang Anh Dung , Cuong C. Nguyen , Trung Le , Dinh Phung , Gustavo Carneiro , Thanh-Toan Do

Post-training Quantization (PTQ) technique has been extensively adopted for large language models (LLMs) compression owing to its efficiency and low resource requirement. However, current research lacks a in-depth analysis of the superior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jiaqi Zhao , Ming Wang , Miao Zhang , Yuzhang Shang , Xuebo Liu , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang , Liqiang Nie

Post-training quantization (PTQ) for vision transformers (ViTs) has received increasing attention from both academic and industrial communities due to its minimal data needs and high time efficiency. However, many current methods fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yunshan Zhong , You Huang , Jiawei Hu , Yuxin Zhang , Rongrong Ji

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising solution for deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained devices. Early methods developed for small-scale networks, such as ResNet, rely on gradient-based optimization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Junhan Kim , Ho-young Kim , Eulrang Cho , Chungman Lee , Joonyoung Kim , Yongkweon Jeon

Large language models require massive memory footprints, severely limiting deployment on consumer hardware. Quantization reduces memory through lower numerical precision, but extreme 2-bit quantization suffers from catastrophic performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Bingxin Xu , Zhen Dong , Oussama Elachqar , Yuzhang Shang

Quantization is a key method for deploying deep neural networks on edge devices with limited memory and computation resources. Recent improvements in Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) methods were achieved by an additional local optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ofir Gordon , Elad Cohen , Hai Victor Habi , Arnon Netzer