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Task-oriented dialogue is difficult in part because it involves understanding user intent, collecting information from the user, executing API calls, and generating helpful and fluent responses. However, for complex tasks one must also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Stefania Raimondo , Christopher Pal , Xiaotian Liu , David Vazquez , Hector Palacios

Large language models excel as few-shot learners when provided with appropriate demonstrations, yet this strength becomes problematic in multiturn agent scenarios, where LLMs erroneously mimic their own previous responses as few-shot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yang Wan , Zheng Cao , Zhenhao Zhang , Zhengwen Zeng , Shuheng Shen , Changhua Meng , Linchao Zhu

Effective exploration is a challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). Novelty-based exploration methods can suffer in high-dimensional state spaces, such as continuous partially-observable 3D environments. We address this challenge by…

The growing popularity of generative language models has amplified interest in interactive methods to guide model outputs. Prompt refinement is considered one of the most effective means to influence output among these methods. We identify…

Self-play has enabled large language models to autonomously improve through self-generated challenges. However, existing self-play methods for vision-language models rely on passive interaction with static image collections, resulting in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jinghan He , Junfeng Fang , Feng Xiong , Zijun Yao , Fei Shen , Haiyun Guo , Jinqiao Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

We study the problem of exploration in Reinforcement Learning and present a novel model-free solution. We adopt an information-theoretical viewpoint and start from the instance-specific lower bound of the number of samples that have to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Alessio Russo , Alexandre Proutiere

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated in interactive environments to test their social intelligence. However, existing benchmarks often assume idealized communication between agents, limiting our ability to diagnose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Keyang Xuan , Pengda Wang , Chongrui Ye , Haofei Yu , Tal August , Jiaxuan You

Reinforcement learning (RL) promises to expand the capabilities of language models, but it is unclear if current RL techniques promote the discovery of novel behaviors, or simply sharpen those already present in the base model. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jens Tuyls , Dylan J. Foster , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Jordan T. Ash

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to new languages typically involves continual pre-training (CT) followed by supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, this CT-then-SFT approach struggles with limited data in the context of low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Mingxu Tao , Chen Zhang , Quzhe Huang , Tianyao Ma , Songfang Huang , Dongyan Zhao , Yansong Feng

Multilingual pre-trained language models(mPLMs) offer significant benefits for many low-resource languages. To further expand the range of languages these models can support, many works focus on continued pre-training of these models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jianyu Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly powerful and capable of handling complex tasks, e.g., building single agents and multi-agent systems. Compared to single agents, multi-agent systems have higher requirements for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Wei Wang , Dan Zhang , Tao Feng , Boyan Wang , Jie Tang

Many real-world applications of language models (LMs), such as writing assistance and code autocomplete, involve human-LM interaction. However, most benchmarks are non-interactive in that a model produces output without human involvement.…

Studying the responses of large language models (LLMs) to loopholes presents a two-fold opportunity. First, it affords us a lens through which to examine ambiguity and pragmatics in LLMs, since exploiting a loophole requires identifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jio Choi , Mohit Bansal , Elias Stengel-Eskin

It has been established in recent work that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be prompted to "self-play" conversational games that probe certain capabilities (general instruction following, strategic goal orientation, language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Anne Beyer , Kranti Chalamalasetti , Sherzod Hakimov , Brielen Madureira , Philipp Sadler , David Schlangen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in text re-ranking. This process includes queries and candidate passages in the prompts, utilizing pointwise, listwise, and pairwise prompting strategies. A limitation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Muhammad Shihab Rashid , Jannat Ara Meem , Yue Dong , Vagelis Hristidis

Large language models (LLMs) have opened new opportunities for automated mobile app exploration, an important and challenging problem that used to suffer from the difficulty of generating meaningful UI interactions. However, existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Shanhui Zhao , Hao Wen , Wenjie Du , Cheng Liang , Yunxin Liu , Xiaozhou Ye , Ye Ouyang , Yuanchun Li

Efficient exploration is one of the key challenges for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. Most traditional sample efficiency bounds require strategic exploration. Recently many deep RL algorithms with simple heuristic exploration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Yao Liu , Emma Brunskill

Effective collaboration begins with knowing when to ask for help. For example, when trying to identify an occluded object, a human would ask someone to remove the obstruction. Can MLLMs exhibit a similar "proactive" behavior by requesting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Thomas De Min , Subhankar Roy , Stéphane Lathuilière , Elisa Ricci , Massimiliano Mancini

Deep neural networks and huge language models are becoming omnipresent in natural language applications. As they are known for requiring large amounts of training data, there is a growing body of work to improve the performance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Michael A. Hedderich , Lukas Lange , Heike Adel , Jannik Strötgen , Dietrich Klakow

This study addresses the gap in the literature concerning the comparative performance of LLMs in interpreting different types of figurative language across multiple languages. By evaluating LLMs using two multilingual datasets on simile and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Paria Khoshtab , Danial Namazifard , Mostafa Masoudi , Ali Akhgary , Samin Mahdizadeh Sani , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh