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We propose a novel text-to-speech (TTS) framework centered around a neural transducer. Our approach divides the whole TTS pipeline into semantic-level sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) modeling and fine-grained acoustic modeling stages,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Minchan Kim , Myeonghun Jeong , Byoung Jin Choi , Semin Kim , Joun Yeop Lee , Nam Soo Kim

Representing speech as discrete tokens provides a framework for transforming speech into a format that closely resembles text, thus enabling the use of speech as an input to the widely successful large language models (LLMs). Currently,…

Speech language models (SpeechLMs) accept speech input and produce speech output, allowing for more natural human-computer interaction compared to text-based large language models (LLMs). Traditional approaches for developing SpeechLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Aohan Zeng , Zhengxiao Du , Mingdao Liu , Lei Zhang , Shengmin Jiang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

In this paper, we show that representations capturing syllabic units emerge when training a self-supervised speech model with a visually-grounded training objective. We demonstrate that a nearly identical model architecture (HuBERT) trained…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-25 Puyuan Peng , Shang-Wen Li , Okko Räsänen , Abdelrahman Mohamed , David Harwath

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a powerful tool that allows learning of underlying representations from unlabeled data. Transformer based models such as wav2vec 2.0 and HuBERT are leading the field in the speech domain. Generally these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Bethan Thomas , Samuel Kessler , Salah Karout

Discrete audio tokens have recently gained attention for their potential to bridge the gap between audio and language processing. Ideal audio tokens must preserve content, paralinguistic elements, speaker identity, and many other audio…

In this paper, we introduce a new and simple method for comparing speech utterances without relying on text transcripts. Our speech-to-speech comparison metric utilizes state-of-the-art speech2unit encoders like HuBERT to convert speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Laurent Besacier , Swen Ribeiro , Olivier Galibert , Ioan Calapodescu

Speech tokenizers are foundational to speech language models, yet existing approaches face two major challenges: (1) balancing trade-offs between encoding semantics for understanding and acoustics for reconstruction, and (2) achieving low…

Audio token modeling has become a powerful framework for speech synthesis, with two-stage approaches employing semantic tokens remaining prevalent. In this paper, we aim to simplify this process by introducing a semantic knowledge…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Gerard I. Gállego , Roy Fejgin , Chunghsin Yeh , Xiaoyu Liu , Gautam Bhattacharya

Scaling Text-to-speech (TTS) to large-scale datasets has been demonstrated as an effective method for improving the diversity and naturalness of synthesized speech. At the high level, previous large-scale TTS models can be categorized into…

Recent advances in generative language modeling applied to discrete speech tokens presented a new avenue for text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. These speech language models (SLMs), similarly to their textual counterparts, are scalable,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-17 Siyang Wang , Éva Székely

Modern Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems increasingly leverage Large Language Model (LLM) architectures to achieve scalable, high-fidelity, zero-shot generation. However, these systems typically rely on fixed-frame-rate acoustic tokenization,…

Training a text-to-speech (TTS) model requires a large scale text labeled speech corpus, which is troublesome to collect. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning framework for TTS that utilizes a large amount of unlabeled speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-07 Minchan Kim , Myeonghun Jeong , Byoung Jin Choi , Sunghwan Ahn , Joun Yeop Lee , Nam Soo Kim

Self-supervised learning (SSL) models have significantly advanced speech processing tasks, and several benchmarks have been proposed to validate their effectiveness. However, previous benchmarks have primarily focused on single-speaker…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Junyi Peng , Takanori Ashihara , Marc Delcroix , Tsubasa Ochiai , Oldrich Plchot , Shoko Araki , Jan Černocký

Speech-to-Speech (S2S) Large Language Models (LLMs) are foundational to natural human-computer interaction, enabling end-to-end spoken dialogue systems. However, evaluating these models remains a fundamental challenge. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yuan Ge , Junxiang Zhang , Xiaoqian Liu , Bei Li , Xiangnan Ma , Chenglong Wang , Kaiyang Ye , Yangfan Du , Linfeng Zhang , Yuxin Huang , Tong Xiao , Zhengtao Yu , JingBo Zhu

With the rapid progress of speech language models (SLMs), discrete speech tokens have emerged as a core interface between speech and text, enabling unified modeling across modalities. Recent speech tokenization approaches aim to isolate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Daejin Jo , Jeeyoung Yun , Byungseok Roh , Sungwoong Kim

Recent years have seen an increasing use of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) as a formal specification language for symbolic control, due to its expressiveness and closeness to natural language. Furthermore, STL specifications can be encoded as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-11 Yann Gilpin , Vince Kurtz , Hai Lin

Imagine being in a crowded space where people speak a different language and having hearables that transform the auditory space into your native language, while preserving the spatial cues for all speakers. We introduce spatial speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Tuochao Chen , Qirui Wang , Runlin He , Shyam Gollakota

Large-scale text-to-speech (TTS) systems are limited by the scarcity of clean, multilingual recordings. We introduce Sidon, a fast, open-source speech restoration model that converts noisy in-the-wild speech into studio-quality speech and…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wataru Nakata , Yuki Saito , Yota Ueda , Hiroshi Saruwatari

End-to-End speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) is generally evaluated with text-based metrics. This means that generated speech has to be automatically transcribed, making the evaluation dependent on the availability and quality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Mingda Chen , Paul-Ambroise Duquenne , Pierre Andrews , Justine Kao , Alexandre Mourachko , Holger Schwenk , Marta R. Costa-jussà