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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on multi-task instruction-following data has been proven to be a powerful learning paradigm for improving their zero-shot capabilities on new tasks. Recent works about high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Wei Han , Hui Chen , Soujanya Poria

Current LLM evaluations often rely on a single instruction template, overlooking models' sensitivity to instruction style-a critical aspect for real-world deployments. We present RCScore, a multi-dimensional framework quantifying how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Dongjun Jang , Youngchae Ahn , Hyopil Shin

Despite recent advances, evaluating how well large language models (LLMs) follow user instructions remains an open problem. While evaluation methods of language models have seen a rise in prompt-based approaches, limited work on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ondrej Skopek , Rahul Aralikatte , Sian Gooding , Victor Carbune

Instruction-following is a foundational capability of large language models (LLMs), with its improvement hinging on scalable and accurate feedback from judge models. However, the reliability of current judge models in instruction-following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Bosi Wen , Yilin Niu , Cunxiang Wang , Xiaoying Ling , Ying Zhang , Pei Ke , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Despite advances in large language models (LLMs) on reasoning and instruction-following tasks, it is unclear whether they can reliably produce outputs aligned with a variety of user goals, a concept called steerability. Two gaps in current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Trenton Chang , Tobias Schnabel , Adith Swaminathan , Jenna Wiens

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in handling natural language tasks; however, they may struggle to consistently follow complex instructions including those involve multiple constraints. Post-training LLMs using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuheng Lu , ZiMeng Bai , Caixia Yuan , Huixing Jiang , Xiaojie Wang

In this paper, we introduce the Instruction Following Score (IFS), a metric that detects language models' ability to follow instructions. The metric has a dual purpose. First, IFS can be used to distinguish between base and instruct models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Waseem AlShikh , Manhal Daaboul , Kirk Goddard , Brock Imel , Kiran Kamble , Parikshith Kulkarni , Melisa Russak

Recent advances in reasoning with large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on complex mathematical tasks, including combinatorial optimization. Techniques such as Chain-of-Thought and In-Context Learning have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Marylou Fauchard , Florian Carichon , Margarida Carvalho , Golnoosh Farnadi

While large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive instruction-following capabilities, it is still unclear whether and to what extent they can respond to explicit constraints that might be entailed in various instructions. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Yihan Chen , Benfeng Xu , Quan Wang , Yi Liu , Zhendong Mao

Preference learning is a widely adopted post-training technique that aligns large language models (LLMs) to human preferences and improves specific downstream task capabilities. In this work we systematically investigate how specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Joongwon Kim , Anirudh Goyal , Aston Zhang , Bo Xiong , Rui Hou , Melanie Kambadur , Dhruv Mahajan , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Liang Tan

Large language models are able to perform a task by conditioning on a few input-output demonstrations - a paradigm known as in-context learning. We show that language models can explicitly infer an underlying task from a few demonstrations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Or Honovich , Uri Shaham , Samuel R. Bowman , Omer Levy

When adapting ICL with or without fine-tuning, we are curious about whether the instruction-tuned language model is able to achieve well-calibrated results without suffering from the problem of overconfidence (i.e., miscalibration)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Chengzu Li , Han Zhou , Goran Glavaš , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to real-world scenarios, it becomes crucial to understand their ability to follow multiple instructions simultaneously. To systematically evaluate these capabilities, we introduce two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Keno Harada , Yudai Yamazaki , Masachika Taniguchi , Edison Marrese-Taylor , Takeshi Kojima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Meta-learning enables learning systems to adapt quickly to new tasks, similar to humans. Different meta-learning approaches all work under/with the mini-batch episodic training framework. Such framework naturally gives the information about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Shiguang Wu , Yaqing Wang , Yatao Bian , Quanming Yao

Finding the best way of adapting pre-trained language models to a task is a big challenge in current NLP. Just like the previous generation of task-tuned models (TT), models that are adapted to tasks via in-context-learning (ICL) are robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Lucas Weber , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) can be tailored to adhere to human instructions through instruction tuning. However, due to shifts in the distribution of test-time data, they may not always execute instructions accurately,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Hai Ye , Hwee Tou Ng

The prevailing approach to aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) typically relies on human or AI feedback and assumes access to specific types of preference datasets. In our work, we question the efficacy of such datasets and explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Hao Sun

Aligned instruction following models can better fulfill user requests than their unaligned counterparts. However, it has been shown that there is a length bias in evaluation of such models, and that training algorithms tend to exploit this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Weizhe Yuan , Ilia Kulikov , Ping Yu , Kyunghyun Cho , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Jason Weston , Jing Xu

Instruction-tuning enhances the ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow user instructions more accurately, improving usability while reducing harmful outputs. However, this process may increase the model's dependence on user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Kyubeen Han , Junseo Jang , Hongjin Kim , Geunyeong Jeong , Harksoo Kim

Self-reflection on learning experiences constitutes a fundamental cognitive process, essential for the consolidation of knowledge and the enhancement of learning efficacy. However, traditional methods to facilitate reflection often face…