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Fine-tuning multilingual foundation models on specific languages often induces catastrophic forgetting, degrading performance on languages unseen in fine-tuning. While this phenomenon is widely-documented, the literature presents fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Danni Liu , Jan Niehues

This paper introduces a new lifelong learning solution where a single model is trained for a sequence of tasks. The main challenge that vision systems face in this context is catastrophic forgetting: as they tend to adapt to the most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Amal Rannen Triki , Rahaf Aljundi , Mathew B. Blaschko , Tinne Tuytelaars

This work introduces a novel methodology for assessing catastrophic forgetting (CF) in continual learning. We propose a new conformal prediction (CP)-based metric, termed the Conformal Prediction Confidence Factor (CPCF), to quantify and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ioannis Pitsiorlas , Nour Jamoussi , Marios Kountouris

Representation forgetting refers to the drift of contextualized representations during continual training. Intuitively, the representation forgetting can influence the general knowledge stored in pre-trained language models (LMs), but the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Yun Luo , Zhen Yang , Xuefeng Bai , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Yue Zhang

Catastrophic forgetting means that a trained neural network model gradually forgets the previously learned tasks when being retrained on new tasks. Overcoming the forgetting problem is a major problem in machine learning. Numerous continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Yujiang He , Bernhard Sick

Multimodal continual instruction tuning enables multimodal large language models to sequentially adapt to new tasks while building upon previously acquired knowledge. However, this continual learning paradigm faces the significant challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Songze Li , Mingyu Gao , Tonghua Su , Xu-Yao Zhang , Zhongjie Wang

Current training regimes for deep learning usually involve exposure to a single task / dataset at a time. Here we start from the observation that in this context the trained model is not given any knowledge of anything outside its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Giacomo Spigler

A central challenge in continual learning is forgetting, the loss of performance on previously learned tasks induced by sequential adaptation to new ones. While forgetting has been extensively studied empirically, rigorous theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zonghuan Xu , Xingjun Ma

Catastrophic interference, also known as catastrophic forgetting, is a fundamental challenge in machine learning, where a trained learning model progressively loses performance on previously learned tasks when adapting to new ones. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yuke Li , Yujia Zheng , Tianyi Xiong , Zhenyi Wang , Heng Huang

Machine Learning models in real-world applications must continuously learn new tasks to adapt to shifts in the data-generating distribution. Yet, for Continual Learning (CL), models often struggle to balance learning new tasks (plasticity)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Luckeciano C. Melo , Alessandro Abate , Yarin Gal

Catastrophic forgetting is a critical challenge in training deep neural networks. Although continual learning has been investigated as a countermeasure to the problem, it often suffers from the requirements of additional network components…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Dongmin Park , Seokil Hong , Bohyung Han , Kyoung Mu Lee

Modern neural network based speech recognition models are required to continually absorb new data without re-training the whole system, especially in downstream applications using foundation models, having no access to the original training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Enes Yavuz Ugan , Ngoc-Quan Pham , Alexander Waibel

Deep Learning models have achieved remarkable performance in tasks such as image classification or generation, often surpassing human accuracy. However, they can struggle to learn new tasks and update their knowledge without access to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Everton L. Aleixo , Juan G. Colonna , Marco Cristo , Everlandio Fernandes

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability to continually learn over time by accommodating new knowledge while retaining previously learned experience. While this concept is inherent in human learning, current machine learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Anna Vettoruzzo , Joaquin Vanschoren , Mohamed-Rafik Bouguelia , Thorsteinn Rögnvaldsson

Contemporary neural networks are limited in their ability to learn from evolving streams of training data. When trained sequentially on new or evolving tasks, their accuracy drops sharply, making them unsuitable for many real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Sudhanshu Mittal , Silvio Galesso , Thomas Brox

Catastrophic forgetting is a major problem in continual learning, and lots of approaches arise to reduce it. However, most of them are evaluated through task accuracy, which ignores the internal model structure. Recent research suggests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yunqin Zhu , Jun Jin

The goal of continual learning is to find a model that solves multiple learning tasks which are presented sequentially to the learner. A key challenge in this setting is that the learner may forget how to solve a previous task when learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Liangzu Peng , Paris V. Giampouras , René Vidal

Learning a set of tasks over time, also known as continual learning (CL), is one of the most challenging problems in artificial intelligence due to catastrophic forgetting. Large language models (LLMs) are often impractical to frequent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jaya Krishna Mandivarapu

Catastrophic forgetting affects the training of neural networks, limiting their ability to learn multiple tasks sequentially. From the perspective of the well established plasticity-stability dilemma, neural networks tend to be overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Seyed Iman Mirzadeh , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Razvan Pascanu , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) poses a persistent challenge in continual learning (CL), especially within federated learning (FL) environments characterized by non-i.i.d. time series data. While existing research has largely focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Khaled Hallak , Oudom Kem