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The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in function calling is pivotal for creating advanced AI agents, yet their large scale hinders widespread adoption, necessitating transferring their capabilities into smaller ones. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jiliang Ni , Jiachen Pu , Zhongyi Yang , Jingfeng Luo , Conggang Hu

Discrete diffusion language models (DLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising all positions in parallel, offering an alternative to autoregressive models. Controlled generation methods for DLMs, imported from autoregressive models, apply…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hanhan Zhou , Shamik Roy , Rashmi Gangadharaiah

The bifurcation of generative modeling into autoregressive approaches for discrete data (text) and diffusion approaches for continuous data (images) hinders the development of truly unified multimodal systems. While Masked Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yuanfeng Xu , Yuhao Chen , Liang Lin , Guangrun Wang

We propose a simple yet powerful framework for modeling integer-valued data, such as counts, scores, and rounded data. The data-generating process is defined by Simultaneously Transforming and Rounding (STAR) a continuous-valued process,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-04 Daniel R. Kowal , Antonio Canale

Steering a language model - intervening on its internal activations to change downstream behaviour - has recently expanded beyond linear interpolation to nonlinear methods such as angular and kernelized steering, which define intervention…

To augment Large Language Models (LLMs) for multi-hop question answering, a mainstream solution within Graph Retrieval Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) leverages lightweight retrievers to efficiently extract information from a given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shuai Li , Chen Huang , Duanyu Feng , Wenqiang Lei , See-Kiong Ng

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained for average correctness often exhibit mode collapse, producing narrow decision behaviors on tasks where multiple responses may be reasonable. This limitation is particularly problematic in ordinal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Eric Yang , Jong Ha Lee , Jonathan Amar , Elissa Ye , Yugang Jia

Recent work on activation and latent steering has demonstrated that modifying internal representations can effectively guide large language models (LLMs) toward improved reasoning and efficiency without additional training. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Tuc Nguyen , Thai Le

Molecular structure elucidation is a fundamental step in understanding chemical phenomena, with applications in identifying molecules in natural products, lab syntheses, forensic samples, and the interstellar medium. We consider the task of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Austin Cheng , Alston Lo , Kin Long Kelvin Lee , Santiago Miret , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

With the growing interest and applications in machine learning and data science, finding an efficient method to sparse analysis the high-dimensional data and optimizing a dimension reduction model to extract lower dimensional features has…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Jiawei Wang , Rencang Li , Richard Yi Da Xu

Recently, interest has grown in exploring the hypothesis that neural activity conveys information through precise spiking motifs. To investigate this phenomenon, various algorithms have been proposed to detect such motifs in Single Unit…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-27 Laurent U Perrinet

Diffusion language models (Diffusion-LMs) introduce an explicit temporal dimension into text generation, yet how this structure can be leveraged to control generation diversity for exploring multiple valid semantic or reasoning paths…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jingxuan Wu , Zhenglin Wan , Xingrui Yu , Yuzhe Yang , Yiqiao Huang , Ivor Tsang , Yang You

Protein fitness optimization involves finding a protein sequence that maximizes desired quantitative properties in a combinatorially large design space of possible sequences. Recent advances in steering protein generative models (e.g.,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-22 Jason Yang , Wenda Chu , Daniel Khalil , Raul Astudillo , Bruce J. Wittmann , Frances H. Arnold , Yisong Yue

Masked diffusion models have demonstrated competitive results on various tasks including language generation. However, due to its iterative refinement process, the inference is often bottlenecked by slow and static sampling speed. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Seo Hyun Kim , Sunwoo Hong , Hojung Jung , Youngrok Park , Se-Young Yun

Recent advances in flow-based generative models have enabled training-free, text-guided image editing by inverting an image into its latent noise and regenerating it under a new target conditional guidance. However, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Thinh Dao , Zhen Wang , Kien T. Pham , Long Chen

Different stellar populations may be identified through differences in chemical, kinematic, and chronological properties, suggesting the interplay of various physical mechanisms that led to their origin and subsequent evolution. As such,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-26 A. W. Neitzel , T. L. Campante , D. Bossini , A. Miglio

With the rapid development of AIGC technologies, generative image steganography has attracted increasing attention due to its high imperceptibility and flexibility. However, existing generative steganography methods often maintain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuhao Xue , Jiuan Zhou , Yu Cheng , Zhaoxia Yin

Steering vectors have emerged as a lightweight and effective approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) at inference time, enabling modulation over model behaviors by shifting LLM representations towards a target behavior. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Soham Gadgil , Chris Lin , Su-In Lee

In today's fast-evolving business landscape, having insight into the technology stacks that organizations use is crucial for forging partnerships, uncovering market openings, and informing strategic choices. However, conventional technology…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Minh Hieu Nguyen , Hien Thu Pham , Hiep Minh Ha , Ngoc Quang Hung Le , Jun Jo

Modern robotic systems, deployed across domains from industrial automation to domestic assistance, face a critical challenge: executing tasks with precision and adaptability in dynamic, unpredictable environments. To address this, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Md Sadman Sakib , Yu Sun