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Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is becoming popular due to its success in improving the model quality, especially in Transformers. By routing tokens with a sparse gate to a few experts (i.e., a small pieces of the full model), MoE can easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Xiaonan Nie , Xupeng Miao , Shijie Cao , Lingxiao Ma , Qibin Liu , Jilong Xue , Youshan Miao , Yi Liu , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Multivariate Time Series (MTS) analysis is crucial to understanding and managing complex systems, such as traffic and energy systems, and a variety of approaches to MTS forecasting have been proposed recently. However, we often observe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zezhi Shao , Fei Wang , Yongjun Xu , Wei Wei , Chengqing Yu , Zhao Zhang , Di Yao , Tao Sun , Guangyin Jin , Xin Cao , Gao Cong , Christian S. Jensen , Xueqi Cheng

Recent years have seen a surge in data-driven surrogates for dynamical systems that can be orders of magnitude faster than numerical solvers. However, many machine learning-based models such as neural operators exhibit spectral bias,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xuesong Wang , Michael Groom , Rafael Oliveira , He Zhao , Terence O'Kane , Edwin V. Bonilla

Mixture of experts (MoE) has recently emerged as an effective framework to advance the efficiency and scalability of machine learning models by softly dividing complex tasks among multiple specialized sub-models termed experts. Central to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-06 Huy Nguyen , Nhat Ho , Alessandro Rinaldo

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models can achieve promising results with outrageous large amount of parameters but constant computation cost, and thus it has become a trend in model scaling. Still it is a mystery how MoE layers bring quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 An Yang , Junyang Lin , Rui Men , Chang Zhou , Le Jiang , Xianyan Jia , Ang Wang , Jie Zhang , Jiamang Wang , Yong Li , Di Zhang , Wei Lin , Lin Qu , Jingren Zhou , Hongxia Yang

Mixture-of-Experts models enable large language models to scale efficiently, as they only activate a subset of experts for each input. Their core mechanisms, Top-k routing and auxiliary load balancing, remain heuristic, however, lacking a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ye Su , Yong Liu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained popularity as a means of scaling the capacity of large language models (LLMs) while maintaining sparse activations and reduced per-token compute. However, in memory-constrained inference settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Vivan Madan , Prajwal Singhania , Abhinav Bhatele , Tom Goldstein , Ashwinee Panda

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have become central to scaling large language models, yet their mechanistic differences from dense networks remain poorly understood. Previous work has explored how dense models use \textit{superposition} to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Marmik Chaudhari , Jeremi Nuer , Rome Thorstenson

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a flexible framework that combines multiple specialized submodels (``experts''), by assigning covariate-dependent weights (``gating functions'') to each expert, and have been commonly used for analyzing…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-06 Qicheng Zhao , Celia M. T. Greenwood , Qihuang Zhang

Scene parsing is an indispensable component in understanding the semantics within a scene. Traditional methods rely on handcrafted local features and probabilistic graphical models to incorporate local and global cues. Recently, methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Huan Fu , Mingming Gong , Chaohui Wang , Dacheng Tao

The sparse Mixture of Experts(MoE) architecture has evolved as a powerful approach for scaling deep learning models to more parameters with comparable computation cost. As an important branch of large language model(LLM), MoE model only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dong Pan , Bingtao Li , Yongsheng Zheng , Jiren Ma , Victor Fei

Recent large language models (LLMs) have tended to leverage sparsity to reduce computations, employing the sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) technique. MoE introduces four modules, including token routing, token communication,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xinglin Pan , Wenxiang Lin , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Zhenheng Tang , Rui Wang , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising sparse paradigm for scaling up pre-trained models (PTMs) with remarkable cost-effectiveness. However, the dynamic nature of MoE leads to rapid fluctuations and imbalances in expert loads…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yuhao Qing , Guichao Zhu , Fanxin Li , Lintian Lei , Zekai Sun , Xiuxian Guan , Shixiong Zhao , Xusheng Chen , Dong Huang , Sen Wang , Heming Cui

While existing multivariate time series forecasting models have advanced significantly in modeling periodicity, they largely neglect the periodic heterogeneity common in real-world data, where variables exhibit distinct and dynamically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaming Ma , Qihe Huang , Haofeng Ma , Guanjun Wang , Sheng Huang , Zhengyang Zhou , Pengkun Wang , Binwu Wang , Yang Wang

This paper presents Variables Adaptive Mixture of Experts (VAMoE), a novel framework for incremental weather forecasting that dynamically adapts to evolving spatiotemporal patterns in real time data. Traditional weather prediction models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Hao Chen , Han Tao , Guo Song , Jie Zhang , Yunlong Yu , Yonghan Dong , Lei Bai

Multimodal time series forecasting has garnered significant attention for its potential to provide more accurate predictions than traditional single-modality models by leveraging rich information inherent in other modalities. However, due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jiafeng Lin , Yuxuan Wang , Huakun Luo , Zhongyi Pei , Jianmin Wang

In long-term multivariate time series forecasting, effectively capturing both periodic patterns and residual dynamics is essential. To address this within standard deep learning benchmark settings, we propose the Hierarchical Patching Mixer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Jung Min Choi , Vijaya Krishna Yalavarthi , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

In mobile edge computing (MEC) networks, mobile users generate diverse machine learning tasks dynamically over time. These tasks are typically offloaded to the nearest available edge server, by considering communication and computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hongbo Li , Lingjie Duan

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) models offer a scalable and efficient architecture for training large neural networks by activating only a subset of parameters ("experts") for each input. A learned router computes a distribution over these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nabil Omi , Siddhartha Sen , Ali Farhadi

Sequential recommendation has rapidly advanced in click-through rate prediction due to its ability to model dynamic user interests. A key challenge, however, lies in modeling long sequences: users often exhibit significant interest shifts,…