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Open-domain neural dialogue models have achieved high performance in response ranking and evaluation tasks. These tasks are formulated as a binary classification of responses given in a dialogue context, and models generally learn to make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Prakhar Gupta , Yulia Tsvetkov , Jeffrey P. Bigham

Memory systems are critical for LLMs, mitigating context window limitations and supporting long-horizon user-LLM interactions. Such systems typically comprise multiple agents responsible for memory construction and retrieval. Existing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Wenyu Mao , Haoyang Liu , Haosong Tan , Yaorui Shi , Jiancan Wu , An Zhang , Xiang Wang

To enable embodied agents to operate effectively over extended timeframes, it is crucial to develop models that form and access memories to stay contextualized in their environment. In the current paradigm of training transformer-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Gunshi Gupta , Karmesh Yadav , Zsolt Kira , Yarin Gal , Rahaf Aljundi

Remembering important information from the past and continuing to talk about it in the present are crucial in long-term conversations. However, previous literature does not deal with cases where the memorized information is outdated, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Sanghwan Bae , Donghyun Kwak , Soyoung Kang , Min Young Lee , Sungdong Kim , Yuin Jeong , Hyeri Kim , Sang-Woo Lee , Woomyoung Park , Nako Sung

Constrained by the cost and ethical concerns of involving real seekers in AI-driven mental health, researchers develop LLM-based conversational agents (CAs) with tailored configurations, such as profiles, symptoms, and scenarios, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ming Wang , Peidong Wang , Lin Wu , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Shi Feng , Yuxin Chen , Bixuan Wang , Yifei Zhang

Task-oriented dialogue focuses on conversational agents that participate in user-initiated dialogues on domain-specific topics. In contrast to chatbots, which simply seek to sustain open-ended meaningful discourse, existing task-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Mihail Eric , Christopher D. Manning

Effectively processing long contexts remains a fundamental yet unsolved challenge for large language models (LLMs). Existing single-LLM-based methods primarily reduce the context window or optimize the attention mechanism, but they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yichen Jiang , Jiakang Yuan , Chongjun Tu , Peng Ye , Tao Chen

Long-horizon multimodal agents depend on external memory; however, similarity-based retrieval often surfaces stale, low-credibility, or conflicting items, which can trigger overconfident errors. We propose Multimodal Memory Agent (MMA),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yihao Lu , Wanru Cheng , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Tang

Lifelong interactive agents are expected to assist users over months or years, which requires continually writing long term memories while retrieving the right evidence for each new query under fixed context and latency budgets. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Can Lv , Heng Chang , Yuchen Guo , Shengyu Tao , Shiji Zhou

LLM-based conversational AI agents struggle to maintain coherent behavior over long horizons due to limited context. While RAG-based approaches are increasingly adopted to overcome this limitation by storing interactions in external memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jiazhou Liang , Armin Toroghi , Yifan Simon Liu , Faeze Moradi Kalarde , Liam Gallagher , Scott Sanner

Large Language Models (LLMs) face a crucial challenge from fixed context windows and inadequate memory management, leading to a severe shortage of long-term memory capabilities and limited personalization in the interactive experience with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jiazheng Kang , Mingming Ji , Zhe Zhao , Ting Bai

Memory data are ubiquitous in Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents (e.g., OpenClaw and Manus). A few recent works have attempted to exploit agents'memory for improving their performance on the question-answering (QA) task, but they lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jiawei Yu , Yixiang Fang , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma

Large language model (LLM) agents have evolved to intelligently process information, make decisions, and interact with users or tools. A key capability is the integration of long-term memory capabilities, enabling these agents to draw upon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Rana Salama , Jason Cai , Michelle Yuan , Anna Currey , Monica Sunkara , Yi Zhang , Yassine Benajiba

Humans excel at remembering concrete experiences along spatiotemporal contexts and performing reasoning across those events, i.e., the capacity for episodic memory. In contrast, memory in language agents remains mainly semantic, and current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yiheng Shu , Saisri Padmaja Jonnalagedda , Xiang Gao , Bernal Jiménez Gutiérrez , Weijian Qi , Kamalika Das , Huan Sun , Yu Su

With the rise of smart personal devices, service-oriented human-agent interactions have become increasingly prevalent. This trend highlights the need for personalized dialogue assistants that can understand user-specific traits to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Zhaopei Huang , Qifeng Dai , Guozheng Wu , Xiaopeng Wu , Kehan Chen , Chuan Yu , Xubin Li , Tiezheng Ge , Wenxuan Wang , Qin Jin

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms have recently been used to train multiple interacting agents in a centralised manner whilst keeping their execution decentralised. When the agents can only acquire partial observations and are faced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Emanuele Pesce , Giovanni Montana

Humans spend a remarkable fraction of waking life engaged in acts of "mental time travel". We dwell on our actions in the past and experience satisfaction or regret. More than merely autobiographical storytelling, we use these event…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Chia-Chun Hung , Timothy Lillicrap , Josh Abramson , Yan Wu , Mehdi Mirza , Federico Carnevale , Arun Ahuja , Greg Wayne

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) extends (single-agent) reinforcement learning (RL) by introducing additional agents and (potentially) partial observability of the environment. Consequently, algorithms for solving MARL problems…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Yilun Zhou , Derrik E. Asher , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Julie A. Shah

Large Language Model (LLM) web agents often struggle with long-horizon web navigation and web task completion in new websites, producing inefficient action sequences unless fine-tuned on environment-specific data. We show that…

To sustain coherent long-term interactions, Large Language Model (LLM) agents must navigate the tension between acquiring new information and retaining prior knowledge. Current unified stream-based memory systems facilitate context updates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhaofen Wu , Hanrong Zhang , Fulin Lin , Wujiang Xu , Xinran Xu , Yankai Chen , Henry Peng Zou , Shaowen Chen , Weizhi Zhang , Xue Liu , Philip S. Yu , Hongwei Wang
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