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Machine unlearning for large language models (LLMs) aims to selectively remove memorized content such as private data, copyrighted text, or hazardous knowledge, without costly full retraining. Most existing methods require a retain set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zizhao Hu , Ameya Godbole , Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Mohammad Rostami , Jesse Thomason , Robin Jia

We explore machine unlearning (MU) in the domain of large language models (LLMs), referred to as LLM unlearning. This initiative aims to eliminate undesirable data influence (e.g., sensitive or illegal information) and the associated model…

Large Language Models (LLMs) can memorize and reveal personal information, raising concerns regarding compliance with the EU's GDPR, particularly the Right to Be Forgotten (RTBF). Existing machine unlearning methods assume the data to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Dimitri Staufer

The growing legal and ethical scrutiny of large language models (LLMs) necessitates effective machine unlearning, particularly for sensitive or unauthorized data. Existing empirical methods often yield incomplete forgetting or unintended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ameya Anjarlekar , Sandeep Pombra

The recent success of large language models (LLMs) trained on static, pre-collected, general datasets has sparked numerous research directions and applications. One such direction addresses the non-trivial challenge of integrating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Haizhou Shi , Zihao Xu , Hengyi Wang , Weiyi Qin , Wenyuan Wang , Yibin Wang , Zifeng Wang , Sayna Ebrahimi , Hao Wang

While scaling laws have been continuously validated in large language models (LLMs) with increasing model parameters, the inherent tension between the inference demands of LLMs and the limited resources of edge devices poses a critical…

Large language model (LLM) unlearning is critical in real-world applications where it is necessary to efficiently remove the influence of private, copyrighted, or harmful data from some users. Existing utility-centric unlearning metrics…

Neural networks unintentionally memorize training data, creating privacy risks in federated learning (FL) systems, such as inference and reconstruction attacks on sensitive data. To mitigate these risks and to comply with privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Van-Tuan Tran , Hong-Hanh Nguyen-Le , Quoc-Viet Pham

Large language models (LLMs) require iterative updates to address the outdated information problem, where LLM unlearning offers an approach for selective removal. However, mainstream unlearning methods primarily rely on fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Miao Yu , Liang Lin , Guibin Zhang , Xinfeng Li , Junfeng Fang , Xingrui Yu , Ivor Tsang , Ningyu Zhang , Kun Wang , Yang Wang

Unlearning in large language models is becoming increasingly important due to regulatory compliance, copyright protection, and privacy concerns. However, a key challenge in LLM unlearning is unintended forgetting, where the removal of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Peizhi Niu , Evelyn Ma , Huiting Zhou , Duo Zhou , Huan Zhang , S. Rasoul Etesami , Olgica Milenkovic

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for collaborative machine learning across decentralized data sources, preserving privacy by keeping data local. However, increasing legal and ethical demands, such as the "right to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Radmehr Karimian , Amirhossein Bagheri , Meghdad Kurmanji , Nicholas D. Lane , Gholamali Aminian

Machine unlearning aims to erase requested data from trained models without full retraining. For Reasoning Multimodal Large Language Models (RMLLMs), this is uniquely challenging: intermediate chain-of-thought steps can still leak sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Hongji Li , Junchi yao , Manjiang Yu , Priyanka Singh , Xue Li , Di Wang , Lijie Hu

Recently, the enactment of ``right to be forgotten" laws and regulations has imposed new privacy requirements on federated learning (FL). Researchers aim to remove the influence of certain data from the trained model without training from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Lei Zhou , Youwen Zhu , Qiao Xue , Ji Zhang , Pengfei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can elicit harmful responses. Defending against such attacks remains challenging due to the opacity of jailbreaking mechanisms and the high computational cost of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Lei Yu , Virginie Do , Karen Hambardzumyan , Nicola Cancedda

Machine unlearning is an emerging field that selectively removes specific data samples from a trained model. This capability is crucial for addressing privacy concerns, complying with data protection regulations, and correcting errors or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Zitong Li , Qingqing Ye , Haibo Hu

With the explosive growth of deep learning applications and increasing privacy concerns, the right to be forgotten has become a critical requirement in various AI industries. For example, given a facial recognition system, some individuals…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Dasol Choi , Dongbin Na

Catastrophic forgetting remains a major challenge when fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on narrow, task-specific data, often degrading their general knowledge and reasoning abilities. We propose SA-SFT, a lightweight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yutao Sun , Mingshuai Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Phillip Miao , Zilun Zhang , Haozhan Shen , Ruizhe Zhu , Jianwei Yin

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, their security vulnerabilities have already drawn attention. Machine unlearning is introduced to seek to mitigate these risks by removing the influence of undesirable data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Xiang Zhang , Kun Wei , Xu Yang , Jiahua Li , Su Yan , Cheng Deng

In real-world applications, learning-enabled systems often undergo iterative model development to address challenging or emerging tasks, which involve collecting new data, training a new model and validating the model. This continual model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Gang Li , Wendi Yu , Yao Yao , Wei Tong , Yingbin Liang , Qihang Lin , Tianbao Yang

Machine unlearning has emerged as an important component in developing safe and trustworthy models. Prior work on fact unlearning in LLMs has mostly focused on removing a specified target fact robustly, but often overlooks its deductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Ruihan Wu , Chhavi Yadav , Russ Salakhutdinov , Kamalika Chaudhuri