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We provide a full characterisation of all of the possible alternating group ($A_n$) equivariant neural networks whose layers are some tensor power of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$. In particular, we find a basis of matrices for the learnable, linear,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Edward Pearce-Crump

We explain equivariant neural networks, a notion underlying breakthroughs in machine learning from deep convolutional neural networks for computer vision to AlphaFold 2 for protein structure prediction, without assuming knowledge of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Lek-Heng Lim , Bradley J. Nelson

Equivariant neural networks provide a principled framework for incorporating symmetry into learning architectures and have been extensively analyzed through the lens of their separation power, that is, the ability to distinguish inputs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Marco Pacini , Gabriele Santin , Bruno Lepri , Shubhendu Trivedi

In recent years, the use of machine learning has become increasingly popular in the context of lattice field theories. An essential element of such theories is represented by symmetries, whose inclusion in the neural network properties can…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2021-12-24 Srinath Bulusu , Matteo Favoni , Andreas Ipp , David I. Müller , Daniel Schuh

Group invariant and equivariant Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP), also known as Equivariant Networks, have achieved remarkable success in learning on a variety of data structures, such as sequences, images, sets, and graphs. Using tools from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Siamak Ravanbakhsh

This work studies the design of neural networks that can process the weights or gradients of other neural networks, which we refer to as neural functional networks (NFNs). Despite a wide range of potential applications, including learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Allan Zhou , Kaien Yang , Kaylee Burns , Adriano Cardace , Yiding Jiang , Samuel Sokota , J. Zico Kolter , Chelsea Finn

Equivariant neural networks are a class of neural networks designed to preserve symmetries inherent in the data. In this paper, we introduce a general method for modifying a neural network to enforce equivariance, a process we refer to as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Erkao Bao , Jingcheng Lu , Linqi Song , Nathan Hart-Hodgson , William Parson , Yanheng Zhou

In this paper, we develop a theory about the relationship between $G$-invariant/equivariant functions and deep neural networks for finite group $G$. Especially, for a given $G$-invariant/equivariant function, we construct its universal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Akiyoshi Sannai , Yuuki Takai , Matthieu Cordonnier

Quantum neural network architectures that have little-to-no inductive biases are known to face trainability and generalization issues. Inspired by a similar problem, recent breakthroughs in machine learning address this challenge by…

Many data symmetries can be described in terms of group equivariance and the most common way of encoding group equivariances in neural networks is by building linear layers that are group equivariant. In this work we investigate whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Georg Bökman , Fredrik Kahl

We propose to study equivariance in deep neural networks through parameter symmetries. In particular, given a group $\mathcal{G}$ that acts discretely on the input and output of a standard neural network layer $\phi_{W}: \Re^{M} \to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-15 Siamak Ravanbakhsh , Jeff Schneider , Barnabas Poczos

We investigate the optimization of neural networks on symmetric data, and compare the strategy of constraining the architecture to be equivariant to that of using data augmentation. Our analysis reveals that that the relative geometry of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Oskar Nordenfors , Fredrik Ohlsson , Axel Flinth

Incorporating group symmetries via equivariance into neural networks has emerged as a robust approach for overcoming the efficiency and data demands of modern deep learning. While most existing approaches, such as group convolutions and…

Group equivariant neural networks have been explored in the past few years and are interesting from theoretical and practical standpoints. They leverage concepts from group representation theory, non-commutative harmonic analysis and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Carlos Esteves

Treating neural network inputs and outputs as random variables, we characterize the structure of neural networks that can be used to model data that are invariant or equivariant under the action of a compact group. Much recent research has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-18 Benjamin Bloem-Reddy , Yee Whye Teh

Equivariance w.r.t. geometric transformations in neural networks improves data efficiency, parameter efficiency and robustness to out-of-domain perspective shifts. When equivariance is not designed into a neural network, the network can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Robert-Jan Bruintjes , Tomasz Motyka , Jan van Gemert

We develop a theory of category-equivariant neural networks (CENNs) that unifies group/groupoid-equivariant networks, poset/lattice-equivariant networks, graph and sheaf neural networks. Equivariance is formulated as naturality in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Yoshihiro Maruyama

Traditional supervised learning aims to learn an unknown mapping by fitting a function to a set of input-output pairs with a fixed dimension. The fitted function is then defined on inputs of the same dimension. However, in many settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Eitan Levin , Mateo Díaz

Weight sharing, equivariance, and local filters, as in convolutional neural networks, are believed to contribute to the sample efficiency of neural networks. However, it is not clear how each one of these design choices contributes to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Arash Behboodi , Gabriele Cesa

We introduce provenance networks, a novel class of neural models designed to provide end-to-end, training-data-driven explainability. Unlike conventional post-hoc methods, provenance networks learn to link each prediction directly to its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ali Kayyam , Anusha Madan Gopal , M. Anthony Lewis