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Large language model (LLM) applications such as agents and domain-specific reasoning increasingly rely on context adaptation: modifying inputs with instructions, strategies, or evidence, rather than weight updates. Prior approaches improve…

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has catalyzed a shift towards autonomous agents capable of complex reasoning and tool use. However, current agent architectures are frequently constructed using imperative, ad hoc patterns.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yifan Zhang , Yang Yuan , Mengdi Wang , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems evolve from stateless chatbots to autonomous multi-step agents, prompt engineering (PE), the discipline of crafting individual queries, proves necessary but insufficient. This paper introduces context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Vera V. Vishnyakova

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to their input contexts, motivating the development of automated context engineering. However, existing methods predominantly treat this as a global search problem, seeking a single context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jiachen Zhu , Zhuoying Ou , Congmin Zheng , Yuxiang Chen , Zeyu Zheng , Rong Shan , Lingyu Yang , Lionel Z. Wang , Weiwen Liu , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang , Jianghao Lin

Future wireless networks demand increasingly powerful intelligence to support sensing, communication, and autonomous decision-making. While scaling laws suggest improving performance by enlarging model capacity, practical edge deployments…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Changyuan Zhao , Jiacheng Wang , Yunting Xu , Geng Sun , Dusit Niyato , Zan Li , Abbas Jamalipour , Dong In Kim

Current context augmentation methods, such as retrieval-augmented generation, are essential for solving knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks. However, they typically adhere to a rigid, brute-force strategy that executes retrieval at every…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Rubing Chen , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li , Xiao-Yong Wei , Qing Li

Karl Marx once wrote that ``the human essence is the ensemble of social relations'', suggesting that individuals are not isolated entities but are fundamentally shaped by their interactions with other entities, within which contexts play a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Qishuo Hua , Lyumanshan Ye , Dayuan Fu , Yang Xiao , Xiaojie Cai , Yunze Wu , Jifan Lin , Junfei Wang , Pengfei Liu

Metasurface inverse design has become central to realizing complex optical functionality, yet translating target responses into executable, solver-compatible workflows still demands specialized expertise in computational electromagnetics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yi Huang , Bowen Zheng , Yunxi Dong , Hong Tang , Huan Zhao , S. M. Rakibul Hasan Shawon , Hualiang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive progress across a wide range of tasks, yet their heavy reliance on English-centric training data leads to significant performance degradation in non-English languages. While existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Hamin Koo , Jaehyung Kim

Multimodal large language models have recently shown promising progress in visual mathematical reasoning. However, their performance is often limited by a critical yet underexplored bottleneck: inaccurate visual perception. Through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Peijin Xie , Zhen Xu , Bingquan Liu , Baoxun Wang

Context-aware compression techniques have gained increasing attention as model sizes continue to grow, introducing computational bottlenecks that hinder efficient deployment. A structured encoding approach was proposed to selectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Barnaby Schmitt , Alistair Grosvenor , Matthias Cunningham , Clementine Walsh , Julius Pembrokeshire , Jonathan Teel

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in complex, multi-step workflows involving planning, tool use, reflection, and interaction with external knowledge systems. These workflows generate rapidly expanding contexts that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Kamer Ali Yuksel

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is fundamentally determined by the contextual information provided during inference. This survey introduces Context Engineering, a formal discipline that transcends simple prompt design to…

Agents based on large language models have recently shown strong potential on real-world software engineering (SWE) tasks that require long-horizon interaction with repository-scale codebases. However, most existing agents rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Shukai Liu , Jian Yang , Bo Jiang , Yizhi Li , Jinyang Guo , Xianglong Liu , Bryan Dai

The rapid adoption of AI coding agents has produced a dominant workflow pattern -- often called "vibe coding" -- that prioritizes speed of implementation over deliberate preparation. We argue that this approach creates a systematic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Andrew Zigler

The advancement of artificial intelligence toward agentic science is currently bottlenecked by the challenge of ultra-long-horizon autonomy, the ability to sustain strategic coherence and iterative correction over experimental cycles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xinyu Zhu , Yuzhu Cai , Zexi Liu , Bingyang Zheng , Cheng Wang , Rui Ye , Yuzhi Zhang , Linfeng Zhang , Weinan E , Siheng Chen , Yanfeng Wang

Large Language Models cannot reliably acquire new knowledge post-deployment -- even when relevant text resources exist, models fail to transform them into actionable knowledge without retraining. Retrieval-Augmented Generation attempts to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Qi Sun , Stefan Nielsen , Rio Yokota , Yujin Tang

Context engineering has emerged as a pivotal paradigm for unlocking the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Software Engineering (SE) tasks, enabling performance gains at test time without model fine-tuning. Despite its success,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Haichuan Hu , Quanjun Zhang , Ye Shang , Guoqing Xie , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen , Liang Xiao

The performance of large language model (LLM) systems depends not only on model weights, but also on their harness: the code that determines what information to store, retrieve, and present to the model. Yet harnesses are still designed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yoonho Lee , Roshen Nair , Qizheng Zhang , Kangwook Lee , Omar Khattab , Chelsea Finn

Large language models are increasingly used as coding agents for software engineering tasks. Current benchmarks mainly evaluate whether the agent can correctly solve the request or fix the bugs. They largely treat tasks as independent and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jiayuan Zhu , Junde Wu , Minhao Hu , Shengda Zhu , Jiazhen Pan , Weixiang Shen , Yijun Yang , Fenglin Liu , Jianye Hao , Yueming Jin , Qirong Ho , Min Xu
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