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To acquire instruction-following capabilities, large language models (LLMs) undergo instruction tuning, where they are trained on instruction-response pairs using next-token prediction (NTP). Efforts to improve instruction tuning often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuxin Xiao , Shujian Zhang , Wenxuan Zhou , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Sanqiang Zhao

Data augmentation is a critical technique in deep learning. Traditional methods like Back-translation typically focus on lexical-level rephrasing, which primarily produces variations with the same semantics. While large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Guangzhan Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Beijun Shen , Xiaodong Gu

This paper proposes a novel formulation of prototypical loss with mixup for speaker verification. Mixup is a simple yet efficient data augmentation technique that fabricates a weighted combination of random data point and label pairs for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-13 Xin Zhang , Minho Jin , Roger Cheng , Ruirui Li , Eunjung Han , Andreas Stolcke

Transformer has demonstrated its great power to learn contextual word representations for multiple languages in a single model. To process multilingual sentences in the model, a learnable vector is usually assigned to each language, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Shengjie Luo , Kaiyuan Gao , Shuxin Zheng , Guolin Ke , Di He , Liwei Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet evaluating their intrinsic linguistic understanding remains challenging. Moving beyond specialized evaluation tasks, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shaojie Wang , Sirui Ding , Na Zou

Mixup is a well-established data augmentation technique, which can extend the training distribution and regularize the neural networks by creating ''mixed'' samples based on the label-equivariance assumption, i.e., a proportional mixup of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Zongbo Han , Tianchi Xie , Bingzhe Wu , Qinghua Hu , Changqing Zhang

Text embedding has become a foundational technology in natural language processing (NLP) during the deep learning era, driving advancements across a wide array of downstream tasks. While many natural language understanding challenges can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhijie Nie , Zhangchi Feng , Mingxin Li , Cunwang Zhang , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Richong Zhang

Among all data augmentation techniques proposed so far, linear interpolation of training samples, also called Mixup, has found to be effective for a large panel of applications. Along with improved predictive performance, Mixup is also a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Quentin Bouniot , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Florence d'Alché-Buc

In order to reduce overfitting, neural networks are typically trained with data augmentation, the practice of artificially generating additional training data via label-preserving transformations of existing training examples. While these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Cecilia Summers , Michael J. Dinneen

Modern handwritten text recognition techniques employ deep recurrent neural networks. The use of these techniques is especially efficient when a large amount of annotated data is available for parameter estimation. Data augmentation can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Bastien Moysset , Ronaldo Messina

Mixup is a popular data augmentation technique for training deep neural networks where additional samples are generated by linearly interpolating pairs of inputs and their labels. This technique is known to improve the generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yingtian Zou , Vikas Verma , Sarthak Mittal , Wai Hoh Tang , Hieu Pham , Juho Kannala , Yoshua Bengio , Arno Solin , Kenji Kawaguchi

Low-dimensional projections of text embeddings support visual analysis of document collections, but their spatial organization may not reflect the relationships an analyst intends to examine. Existing semantic interaction approaches encode…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wei Liu , Eric Krokos , Kirsten Whitley , Rebecca Faust , Chris North

MixUp is a data augmentation strategy where additional samples are generated during training by combining random pairs of training samples and their labels. However, selecting random pairs is not potentially an optimal choice. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Seo Yeon Park , Cornelia Caragea

In this work, we observe an interesting phenomenon: it is possible to generate reversible sentence embeddings that allow an LLM to reconstruct the original text exactly, without modifying the model's weights. This is achieved by introducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ignacio Sastre , Aiala Rosá

Data scarcity remains a fundamental bottleneck in applying deep learning to wireless communication problems, particularly in scenarios where collecting labeled Radio Frequency (RF) data is expensive, time-consuming, or operationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pranshav Gajjar , Manan Tiwari , Sayanta Seth , Vijay K. Shah

In many machine learning applications, it is important for the model to provide confidence scores that accurately capture its prediction uncertainty. Although modern learning methods have achieved great success in predictive accuracy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Linjun Zhang , Zhun Deng , Kenji Kawaguchi , James Zou

MixUp is an effective data augmentation method to regularize deep neural networks via random linear interpolations between pairs of samples and their labels. It plays an important role in model regularization, semi-supervised learning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Zhijun Mai , Guosheng Hu , Dexiong Chen , Fumin Shen , Heng Tao Shen

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are currently state-of-the-art for solving the vast majority of natural language processing tasks. While many real-world applications still require fine-tuning to reach satisfactory levels of…

As Deep Neural Networks have achieved thrilling breakthroughs in the past decade, data augmentations have garnered increasing attention as regularization techniques when massive labeled data are unavailable. Among existing augmentations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Xin Jin , Hongyu Zhu , Siyuan Li , Zedong Wang , Zicheng Liu , Juanxi Tian , Chang Yu , Huafeng Qin , Stan Z. Li

Ensemble learning of LLMs has emerged as a promising alternative to enhance performance, but existing approaches typically treat models as black boxes, combining the inputs or final outputs while overlooking the rich internal…