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Related papers: Transversal gates for quantum CSS codes

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Transversal gates play an important role in the theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation due to their simplicity and robustness to noise. By definition, transversal operators do not couple physical subsystems within the same code block.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Bryan Eastin , Emanuel Knill

Quantum error-correcting codes with high encoding rate are good candidates for large-scale quantum computers as they use physical qubits more efficiently than codes of the same distance that encode only a few logical qubits. Some logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Theerapat Tansuwannont , Yugo Takada , Keisuke Fujii

A quantum error correcting code protects encoded logical information against errors. Transversal gates are a naturally fault-tolerant way to manipulate logical qubits but cannot be universal themselves. Protocols such as magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Eric Huang , Pierre-Gabriel Rozon , Arpit Dua , Sarang Gopalakrishnan , Michael J. Gullans

With the advent of physical qubits exhibiting strong noise bias, it becomes increasingly relevant to identify which quantum gates can be efficiently implemented on error-correcting codes designed to address a single dominant error type.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Victor Barizien , Hugo Jacinto , Nicolas Sangouard

The color code has been invaluable for the development of the theory of fault-tolerant logic gates using transversal rotations. Three-dimensional examples of the color code have shown us how its structure, specifically the intersection of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Benjamin J. Brown

Magic state distillation and the Shor factoring algorithm make essential use of logical diagonal gates. We introduce a method of synthesizing CSS codes that realize a target logical diagonal gate at some level $l$ in the Clifford hierarchy.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-28 Jingzhen Hu , Qingzhong Liang , Robert Calderbank

The gauge field formalism, or operator-valued cochain formalism, has recently emerged as a powerful framework for describing quantum Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes. In this work, we extend this framework to construct a broad class of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-20 Junichi Haruna

We investigate CSS and CSS-T quantum error-correcting codes from the point of view of their existence, rarity, and performance. We give a lower bound on the number of pairs of linear codes that give rise to a CSS code with good correction…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Elena Berardini , Alessio Caminata , Alberto Ravagnani

This paper introduces a framework for constructing Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes that support fault-tolerant logical transversal $Z$-rotations. Using this framework, we obtain asymptotically good CSS codes that fault-tolerantly realize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 K. Sai Mineesh Reddy , Navin Kashyap

A fundamental problem in fault-tolerant quantum computation is the tradeoff between universality and dimensionality, exemplified by the the Bravyi-K\"onig bound for $n$-dimensional topological stabilizer codes. In this work, we extend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Ryohei Kobayashi , Guanyu Zhu , Po-Shen Hsin

We generalize the concept of folding from surface codes to CSS codes by considering certain dualities within them. In particular, this gives a general method to implement logical operations in suitable LDPC quantum codes using transversal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Simon Burton

We study the implementation of fault-tolerant logical Clifford gates on stabilizer quantum error correcting codes based on their symmetries. Our approach is to map the stabilizer code to a binary linear code, compute its automorphism group,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Hasan Sayginel , Stergios Koutsioumpas , Mark Webster , Abhishek Rajput , Dan E Browne

We present an entirely 2D transversal realization of phase gates at any level of the Clifford hierarchy, and beyond, using non-Abelian surface codes. Our construction encodes a logical qubit in the quantum double $D(G)$ of a non-Abelian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Alison Warman , Sakura Schafer-Nameki

We describe the theory of quantum convolutional error correcting codes. These codes are aimed at protecting a flow of quantum information over long distance communication. They are largely inspired by their classical analogs which are used…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. Ollivier , J. -P. Tillich

The AND gate is not reversible$\unicode{x2014}$on qubits. However, it is reversible on qutrits, making it a building block for efficient simulation of qubit computation using qutrits. We first observe that there are multiple two-qutrit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Christine Li , Lia Yeh

Certain quantum codes allow logic operations to be performed on the encoded data, such that a multitude of errors introduced by faulty gates can be corrected. An important class of such operations are {\em transversal}, acting bitwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-09-11 Bei Zeng , Andrew Cross , Isaac L. Chuang

CSS codes are a subfamily of stabilizer codes especially appropriate for fault-tolerant quantum computations. A very simple method is proposed to encode a general qudit when a Calderbank-Shor-Steane quantum code, defined over a q-ary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-20 Pedro J. Salas

A long-standing open problem in fault-tolerant quantum computation has been to find a universal set of transversal gates. As three of us proved in arXiv: 0706.1382, such a set does not exist for binary stabilizer codes. Here we generalize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-18 Xie Chen , Hyeyoun Chung , Andrew W. Cross , Bei Zeng , Isaac L. Chuang

Surface and color codes are two forms of topological quantum error correction in two spatial dimensions with complementary properties. Surface codes have lower-depth error detection circuits and well-developed decoders to interpret and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Jonathan E. Moussa

Stabilizer codes are a simple and successful class of quantum error-correcting codes. Yet this success comes in spite of some harsh limitations on the ability of these codes to fault-tolerantly compute. Here we introduce a new metric for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-30 Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Aleksander Kubica , Theodore J. Yoder