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Related papers: How 'Neural' is a Neural Foundation Model?

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Working memory is a cognitive function involving the storage and manipulation of latent information over brief intervals of time, thus making it crucial for context-dependent computation. Here, we use a top-down modeling approach to examine…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-17 Elham Ghazizadeh , ShiNung Ching

Cortical networks are strongly recurrent, and neurons have intrinsic temporal dynamics. This sets them apart from deep feed-forward networks. Despite the tremendous progress in the application of feed-forward networks and their theoretical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-07-14 Sandra Nestler , Christian Keup , David Dahmen , Matthieu Gilson , Holger Rauhut , Moritz Helias

The payload performance of conventional computing systems, from single processors to supercomputers, reached its limits the nature enables. Both the growing demand to cope with "big data" (based on, or assisted by, artificial intelligence)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-09-30 János Végh , Ádám J. Berki

One frequently wishes to learn a range of similar tasks as efficiently as possible, re-using knowledge across tasks. In artificial neural networks, this is typically accomplished by conditioning a network upon task context by injecting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Ari S. Benjamin , Kyle Daruwalla , Christian Pehle , Abdul-Malik Zekri , Anthony M. Zador

An unprecedented amount of existing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data provides a new opportunity to understand the relationship between functional fluctuation and human cognition/behavior using a data-driven approach. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Jiaqi Ding , Tingting Dan , Ziquan Wei , Hyuna Cho , Paul J. Laurienti , Won Hwa Kim , Guorong Wu

Emerging evidence shows that the modular organization of the human brain allows for better and efficient cognitive performance. Many of these cognitive functions are very fast and occur in subsecond time scale such as the visual object…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-01 J. Rizkallah , P. Benquet , A. Kabbara , O. Dufor , F. Wendling , M. Hassan

A diverse white matter network and finely tuned neuronal membrane properties allow the brain to transition seamlessly between cognitive states. However, it remains unclear how static structural connections guide the temporal progression of…

Experiments that study neural encoding of stimuli at the level of individual neurons typically choose a small set of features present in the world --- contrast and luminance for vision, pitch and intensity for sound --- and assemble a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-22 Xin , Chen , Jeffrey M Beck , John M Pearson

Current foundation models for electroencephalography (EEG) rely on architectures adapted from computer vision or natural language processing, typically treating neural signals as pixel grids or token sequences. This approach overlooks that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-05 Zhisheng Chen , Yingwei Zhang , Qizhen Lan , Tianyu Liu , Huacan Wang , Yi Ding , Ziyu Jia , Ronghao Chen , Kun Wang , Xinliang Zhou

The correlated variability in the responses of a neural population to the repeated presentation of a sensory stimulus is a universally observed phenomenon. Such correlations have been studied in much detail, both with respect to their…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-04 Volker Pernice , Rava Azeredo da Silveira

The neural coding is yet to be discovered. The neuronal operational modes that arise with fixed inputs but with varying degrees of stimulation help to elucidate their coding properties. In neurons receiving {\it in vivo} stimulation, we…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-05 Lindsey Knowles , Cesar Ceballos , Rodrigo Pena

Humans and animals exhibit a range of interesting behaviors in dynamic environments, and it is unclear how our brains actively reformat this dense sensory information to enable these behaviors. Experimental neuroscience is undergoing a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-07 Aran Nayebi

Neurostimulation technologies have seen a recent surge in interest from the neuroscience and controls communities alike due to their proven potential to treat conditions such as Parkinson's Disease, and depression. The provided stimulation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-03 Gagan Acharya , Sebastian F. Ruf , Erfan Nozari

Foundation models are powerful yet often opaque in their decision-making. A topic of continued interest in both neuroscience and artificial intelligence is whether some neurons behave like grandmother cells, i.e., neurons that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ricardo Knauer , Erik Rodner

Neural encoding is a field in neuroscience that focuses on characterizing how information from stimuli is encoded in the spiking activity of neurons. When more than one stimulus is present, a theory known as multiplexing posits that neurons…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-12 Nicholas Marco , Jennifer M. Groh , Surya T. Tokdar

We propose an end-to-end deep neural encoder-decoder model to encode and decode brain activity in response to naturalistic stimuli using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Leveraging temporally correlated input from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Florian David , Michael Chan , Elenor Morgenroth , Patrik Vuilleumier , Dimitri Van De Ville

Understanding how brain networks learn and manage multiple tasks simultaneously is of interest in both neuroscience and artificial intelligence. In this regard, a recent research thread in theoretical neuroscience has focused on how…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-05 Giacomo Vedovati , ShiNung Ching

Advances in neuroscience and artificial intelligence have enabled preliminary decoding of brain activity. However, despite the progress, the interpretability of neural representations remains limited. A significant challenge arises from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Hasib Aslam , Muhammad Talal Faiz , Muhammad Imran Malik

This paper proposes a neuronal circuitry layout and synaptic plasticity principles that allow the (pyramidal) neuron to act as a "combinatorial switch". Namely, the neuron learns to be more prone to generate spikes given those combinations…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-05-09 Marat M. Rvachev

In view of ever-changing conditions both in the external world and in intrinsic brain states, maintaining the robustness of computations poses a challenge, adequate solutions to which we are only beginning to understand. At the level of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-29 Nelson Niemeyer , Jan-Hendrik Schleimer , Susanne Schreiber