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MoE models offer efficient scaling through conditional computation, but their large parameter size and expensive expert offloading make on-device deployment challenging. Existing acceleration techniques such as prefetching or expert…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yuseon Choi , Sangjin Kim , Jungjun Oh , Gwangtae Park , Byeongcheol Kim , Hoi-Jun Yoo

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has demonstrated significant advantages as it enables to increase the model capacity without a proportional increase in computation. However, the large MoE model size still introduces substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Shuzhang Zhong , Yanfan Sun , Ling Liang , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang , Meng Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models can reduce computational costs by 2-4$\times$ compared to dense models without sacrificing performance, making them more efficient in computation-bounded scenarios. However, MoE models generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Bowen Pan , Yikang Shen , Haokun Liu , Mayank Mishra , Gaoyuan Zhang , Aude Oliva , Colin Raffel , Rameswar Panda

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained immense success in revolutionizing various applications, including content generation, search and recommendation, and AI-assisted operation. To reduce high training costs, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hanfei Yu , Xingqi Cui , Hong Zhang , Hao Wang , Hao Wang

One of the primary challenges in optimizing large language models (LLMs) for long-context inference lies in the high memory consumption of the Key-Value (KV) cache. Existing approaches, such as quantization, have demonstrated promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Wei Tao , Haocheng Lu , Xiaoyang Qu , Bin Zhang , Kai Lu , Jiguang Wan , Jianzong Wang

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a powerful paradigm for scaling large language models (LLMs) while maintaining inference efficiency. However, their enormous memory requirements make them prohibitively expensive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zichong Li , Chen Liang , Zixuan Zhang , Ilgee Hong , Young Jin Kim , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have become the dominant architecture for large-scale language models, yet on-premises serving remains fundamentally memory-bound as batching turns sparse per-token compute into dense memory activation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yuseon Choi , Jingu Lee , Jungjun Oh , Sunjoo Whang , Byeongcheol Kim , Minsung Kim , Hoi-Jun Yoo , Sangjin Kim

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs have recently gained attention for their ability to enhance performance by selectively engaging specialized subnetworks or "experts" for each input. However, deploying MoEs on memory-constrained devices remains…

We propose Tensor-Trained Low-Rank Adaptation Mixture of Experts (TT-LoRA MoE), a novel computational framework integrating Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) with sparse MoE routing to address scalability challenges in large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pradip Kunwar , Minh N. Vu , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Manish Bhattarai

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a key technique for scaling Large Language Models by activating only a subset of experts per query. Deploying MoE on consumer-grade edge hardware, however, is constrained by limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Guoying Zhu , Meng Li , Haipeng Dai , Xuechen Liu , Weijun Wang , Keran Li , Jun xiao , Ligeng Chen , Wei Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a practical approach to scale up parameters for the Transformer model to achieve better generalization while maintaining a sub-linear increase in computation overhead. Current MoE models are mainly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Shuqing Luo , Jie Peng , Pingzhi Li , Hanrui Wang , Tianlong Chen

As the training of giant dense models hits the boundary on the availability and capability of the hardware resources today, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models become one of the most promising model architectures due to their significant…

Token-based video representation has emerged as a promising approach for enabling large language models (LLMs) to interpret video content. However, existing token reduction techniques, such as pruning and merging, often disrupt essential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haichao Zhang , Yun Fu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have become a dominant paradigm for scaling large language models, but their rapidly growing parameter sizes introduce a fundamental inefficiency during inference: most expert weights remain idle in GPU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Qingxiu Liu , Cyril Y. He , Hanser Jiang , Zion Wang , Alan Zhao , Patrick P. C. Lee

The quadratic complexity and indefinitely growing key-value (KV) cache of standard Transformers pose a major barrier to long-context processing. To overcome this, we introduce the Collaborative Memory Transformer (CoMeT), a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Runsong Zhao , Shilei Liu , Jiwei Tang , Langming Liu , Haibin Chen , Weidong Zhang , Yujin Yuan , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Self-attention mechanisms model long-range context by using pairwise attention between all input tokens. In doing so, they assume a fixed attention granularity defined by the individual tokens (e.g., text characters or image pixels), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Chen Huang , Walter Talbott , Navdeep Jaitly , Josh Susskind

Chain-of-thought (CoT) decoding enables language models to improve reasoning performance at the cost of high generation latency in decoding. Recent proposals have explored variants of contemplation tokens, a term we introduce that refers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jeffrey Cheng , Benjamin Van Durme

Recent advancements in Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have significantly increased their parameter scale as well as model performance. Extensive offloading techniques have been proposed to address the GPU memory limitations of MoE…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhibin Wang , Zhonghui Zhang , Yuhang Zhou , Zibo Wang , Mo Zhou , Peng Jiang , Weilin Cai , Chengying Huan , Rong Gu , Sheng Zhong , Chen Tian

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs), which leverage dynamic routing and sparse activation to enhance efficiency and scalability, have achieved higher performance while reducing computational costs. However, these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Xing Hu , Zhixuan Chen , Dawei Yang , Zukang Xu , Chen Xu , Zhihang Yuan , Sifan Zhou , Jiangyong Yu

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has been widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) to reduce computation cost through model sparsity. Employing speculative decoding (SD) can further accelerate MoE inference by drafting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Liangkun Chen , Zijian Wen , Tian Wu , Xiaoxi Zhang , Chuan Wu
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