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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in utilizing tools, but their closed-source nature and high inference costs pose limitations on their adaptability, necessitating a valid method that leverages smaller,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Cheng Qian , Chenyan Xiong , Zhenghao Liu , Zhiyuan Liu

Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems, central to decision-making scenarios like logistics and manufacturing, are traditionally solved using problem-specific algorithms requiring significant domain expertise. While large language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xia Jiang , Yaoxin Wu , Minshuo Li , Zhiguang Cao , Yingqian Zhang

Automated agents, powered by Large language models (LLMs), are emerging as the go-to tool for querying information. However, evaluation benchmarks for LLM agents rarely feature natural questions that are both information-seeking and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Tomer Wolfson , Harsh Trivedi , Mor Geva , Yoav Goldberg , Dan Roth , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Reut Tsarfaty

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to answer everyday questions, yet their performance on culturally grounded and dialectal content remains uneven across languages. We propose a comprehensive method that (i) translates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Hunzalah Hassan Bhatti , Firoj Alam

Large language models (LLMs) produce outputs with varying levels of uncertainty, and, just as often, varying levels of correctness; making their practical reliability far from guaranteed. To quantify this uncertainty, we systematically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Christian Hobelsberger , Theresa Winner , Andreas Nawroth , Oliver Mitevski , Anna-Carolina Haensch

Building helpful and harmless large language models (LLMs) requires effective model alignment approach based on human instructions and feedback, which necessitates high-quality human-labeled data. Constructing such datasets is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Junlin Wang , Roy Xie , Shang Zhu , Jue Wang , Ben Athiwaratkun , Bhuwan Dhingra , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Ce Zhang , James Zou

Combinatorial optimization (CO) is fundamental to several real-world applications, from logistics and scheduling to hardware design and resource allocation. Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown significant benefits in solving…

The ability to reason is one of the most fundamental capabilities of large language models (LLMs), enabling a wide range of downstream tasks through sophisticated problem-solving. A critical aspect of this is code reasoning, which involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yusheng Zhao , Xiao Luo , Weizhi Zhang , Wei Ju , Zhiping Xiao , Philip S. Yu , Ming Zhang

LLMs are increasingly applied to recommendation, retrieval, and reasoning, yet deploying a single end-to-end model that can jointly support these behaviors over large, heterogeneous catalogs remains challenging. Such systems must generate…

Alignment of Large Language models (LLMs) is crucial for safe and trustworthy deployment in applications. Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as an effective technique to align LLMs to human preferences and broader…

Existing benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) are largely restricted to high- or mid-resource languages, and often evaluate performance on higher-order tasks in reasoning and generation. However, plenty of evidence points to the fact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Emily Chang , Niyati Bafna

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance, ranging from simple to complex tasks. However, while large models achieve remarkable results across diverse tasks, they often incur substantial monetary inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Byeongchan Lee , Jonghoon Lee , Dongyoung Kim , Jaehyung Kim , Kyungjoon Park , Dongjun Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Large language models (LLMs) offer strong capabilities but raise cost and privacy concerns, whereas small language models (SLMs) facilitate efficient and private local inference yet suffer from limited capacity. To synergize the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hang Zeng , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Jiarui Zhang , Shaojie Tang , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

As Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems are increasingly employed in intricate social environments, a pressing query emerges: Can these NLP systems mirror human-esque collaborative intelligence, in a multi-agent society consisting of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jintian Zhang , Xin Xu , Ningyu Zhang , Ruibo Liu , Bryan Hooi , Shumin Deng

A critical limitation in large-scale multi-agent systems is the cascading of errors. And without intermediate verification, downstream agents exacerbate upstream inaccuracies, resulting in significant quality degradation. To bridge this…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Churong Liang , Jinling Gan , Kairan Hong , Qiushi Tian , Zongze Wu , Runnan Li

Training a team of agents from scratch in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is highly inefficient, much like asking beginners to play a symphony together without first practicing solo. Existing methods, such as offline or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xun Wang , Zhuoran Li , Yanshan Lin , Hai Zhong , Longbo Huang

Code translation aims to convert source code from one programming language (PL) to another. Given the promising abilities of large language models (LLMs) in code synthesis, researchers are exploring their potential to automate code…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their impressive abilities in various reasoning and decision-making tasks. However, the quality and coherence of the reasoning process can still benefit from enhanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Shihao Ji , Zihui Song , Fucheng Zhong , Jisen Jia , Zhaobo Wu , Zheyi Cao , Tianhao Xu

We introduce dro, an open-source Python library for distributionally robust optimization (DRO) for regression and classification problems. The library implements 14 DRO formulations and 9 backbone models, enabling 79 distinct DRO methods.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jiashuo Liu , Tianyu Wang , Henry Lam , Hongseok Namkoong , Jose Blanchet

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) presents a naturally compatible and scalable framework for multimodal learning, demonstrating strong adaptability across diverse modalities and tasks. Despite its growing success, a comprehensive and systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Liangwei Nathan Zheng , Wei Emma Zhang , Olaf Maennel , Lin Yue , Weitong Chen