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Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) underscore the significance of scalable models and data to boost performance, yet this often incurs substantial computational costs. Although the Mixture of Experts (MoE)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yunxin Li , Shenyuan Jiang , Baotian Hu , Longyue Wang , Wanqi Zhong , Wenhan Luo , Lin Ma , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various tasks, and their application in edge scenarios has attracted significant attention. However, sparse-activated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, which are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Zhiyuan Fang , Zicong Hong , Yuegui Huang , Yufeng Lyu , Wuhui Chen , Yue Yu , Fan Yu , Zibin Zheng

Large language models like GPT-4 are resource-intensive, but recent advancements suggest that smaller, specialized experts can outperform the monolithic models on specific tasks. The Collaboration-of-Experts (CoE) approach integrates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jiashun Suo , Xiaojian Liao , Limin Xiao , Li Ruan , Jinquan Wang , Xiao Su , Zhisheng Huo

Mixture of experts (MoE) has become the standard for constructing production-level large language models (LLMs) due to its promise to boost model capacity without causing significant overheads. Nevertheless, existing MoE methods usually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zihao Zeng , Yibo Miao , Hongcheng Gao , Hao Zhang , Zhijie Deng

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

With the widespread application of Mixture of Experts (MoE) reasoning models in the field of LLM learning, efficiently serving MoE models under limited GPU memory constraints has emerged as a significant challenge. Offloading the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Songkai Ma , Zhaorui Zhang , Sheng Di , Benben Liu , Xiaodong Yu , Xiaoyi Lu , Dan Wang

Sparsely-gated mixture-of-experts (MoE) has been widely adopted to scale deep learning models to trillion-plus parameters with fixed computational cost. The algorithmic performance of MoE relies on its token routing mechanism that forwards…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Changho Hwang , Wei Cui , Yifan Xiong , Ziyue Yang , Ze Liu , Han Hu , Zilong Wang , Rafael Salas , Jithin Jose , Prabhat Ram , Joe Chau , Peng Cheng , Fan Yang , Mao Yang , Yongqiang Xiong

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are widely used in modern large language models and multimodal models. However, inference efficiency is often limited by highly dynamic and skewed expert workloads across different modalities. During…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yingping Wang , Yi Wu , Xiangyu Wu , Junwei Cui , Weilin Cai , Zhijiang Guo , Jiayi Huang

Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved astonishing successes in many domains, especially with the recent breakthroughs in the development of foundational large models. These large models, leveraging their extensive training data, provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Siyuan Mu , Sen Lin

Linear Sequence Modeling (LSM) like linear attention, state space models and linear RNNs, and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) have recently emerged as significant architectural improvements. In this paper, we introduce Linear-MoE, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Weigao Sun , Disen Lan , Tong Zhu , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable powerful cross-modal reasoning capabilities but impose substantial computational and latency burdens, posing critical challenges for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zheming Yang , Qi Guo , Jun Wan , Jiarui Ruan , Yunqing Hu , Chang Zhao , Xiangyang Li

Emerging expert-specialized Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, such as DeepSeek-MoE, deliver strong model quality through fine-grained expert segmentation and large top-k routing. However, their scalability is limited by substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yueming Yuan , Ahan Gupta , Jianping Li , Sajal Dash , Feiyi Wang , Minjia Zhang

Learning from non-stationary data streams subject to concept drift requires models that can adapt on-the-fly while remaining resource-efficient. Existing adaptive ensemble methods often rely on coarse-grained adaptation mechanisms or simple…

The interpretability of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, especially those with heterogeneous designs, remains underexplored. Existing attribution methods for dense models fail to capture dynamic routing-expert interactions in sparse MoE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Junzhuo Li , Bo Wang , Xiuze Zhou , Peijie Jiang , Jia Liu , Xuming Hu

To help the open-source community have a better understanding of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) based large language models (LLMs), we train and release OpenMoE, a series of fully open-sourced and reproducible decoder-only MoE LLMs, ranging from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Fuzhao Xue , Zian Zheng , Yao Fu , Jinjie Ni , Zangwei Zheng , Wangchunshu Zhou , Yang You

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has become the standard for state-of-the-art large language models, owing to its computational efficiency through sparse expert activation. However, sparsity through finer expert granularity is becoming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jongseok Park , Sunga Kim , Zhenyu Gu , Ion Stoica , Alvin Cheung

Large language models are typically deployed as monolithic systems, requiring the full model even when applications need only a narrow subset of capabilities, e.g., code, math, or domain-specific knowledge. Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ryan Wang , Akshita Bhagia , Sewon Min

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture offers enhanced efficiency for Large Language Models (LLMs) with modularized computation, yet its inherent sparsity poses significant hardware deployment challenges, including memory locality issues,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shuqing Luo , Ye Han , Pingzhi Li , Jiayin Qin , Jie Peng , Yang , Zhao , Yu , Cao , Tianlong Chen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) presents a naturally compatible and scalable framework for multimodal learning, demonstrating strong adaptability across diverse modalities and tasks. Despite its growing success, a comprehensive and systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Liangwei Nathan Zheng , Wei Emma Zhang , Olaf Maennel , Lin Yue , Weitong Chen

To meet the growing demand for smarter, faster, and more efficient embodied AI solutions, we introduce a novel Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) method that significantly boosts reasoning and learning efficiency for embodied autonomous systems.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lu Xu , Jiaqian Yu , Xiongfeng Peng , Yiwei Chen , Weiming Li , Jaewook Yoo , Sunghyun Chunag , Dongwook Lee , Daehyun Ji , Chao Zhang
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