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Supervised learning methods have shown effectiveness in estimating spatial acoustic parameters such as time difference of arrival, direct-to-reverberant ratio and reverberation time. However, they still suffer from the simulation-to-reality…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Bing Yang , Xiaofei Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced audio generation through discrete representation learning. However, most existing neural codecs focus on speech and emphasize reconstruction fidelity, overlooking unified low frame rate modeling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Jingbin Hu , Haoyu Zhang , Dake Guo , Qirui Zhan , Wenhao Li , Huakang Chen , Guobin Ma , Hanke Xie , Chengyou Wang , Pengyuan Xie , Chuan Xie , Qiang Zhang , Lei Xie

Neural audio codecs and autoencoders have emerged as versatile models for audio compression, transmission, feature-extraction, and latent-space generation. However, a key limitation is that most are trained to maximize reconstruction…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Dimitrios Bralios , Jonah Casebeer , Paris Smaragdis

Transformer-based self-supervised speech models (S3Ms) are often described as contextualized, yet what this entails remains unclear. Here, we focus on how a single frame-level S3M representation can encode phones and their surrounding…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Kwanghee Choi , Eunjung Yeo , Cheol Jun Cho , David R. Mortensen , David Harwath

Self-supervised models, namely, wav2vec and its variants, have shown promising results in various downstream tasks in the speech domain. However, their inner workings are poorly understood, calling for in-depth analyses on what the model…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Kwanghee Choi , Eun Jung Yeo

LLM-based automatic speech recognition models demonstrate strong performance by connecting audio encoders and LLMs. However, data scarcity of paired speech and transcription often hinders their adaptation to new domains, making text-only…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ryo Magoshi , Takashi Maekaku , Yusuke Shinohara

Modern Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) typically operate in low-level Variational Autoencoder (VAE) latent spaces that are primarily optimized for pixel-level reconstruction. To unify vision generation and understanding, a burgeoning trend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Shilong Zhang , He Zhang , Zhifei Zhang , Chongjian Ge , Shuchen Xue , Shaoteng Liu , Mengwei Ren , Soo Ye Kim , Yuqian Zhou , Qing Liu , Daniil Pakhomov , Kai Zhang , Zhe Lin , Ping Luo

The dominance of large decoder-only language models has overshadowed encoder-decoder architectures, despite their fundamental efficiency advantages in sequence processing. For small language models (SLMs) - those with 1 billion parameters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Mohamed Elfeki , Rui Liu , Chad Voegele

Large Audio Language Models (LALM) combine the audio perception models and the Large Language Models (LLM) and show a remarkable ability to reason about the input audio, infer the meaning, and understand the intent. However, these systems…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Saurabhchand Bhati , Yuan Gong , Leonid Karlinsky , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James Glass

Speech encoding models use auditory representations to predict how the human brain responds to spoken language stimuli. Most performant encoding models linearly map the hidden states of artificial neural networks to brain data, but this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Nishitha Vattikonda , Aditya R. Vaidya , Richard J. Antonello , Alexander G. Huth

This work studies the capabilities of a large language model (LLM) to understand paralinguistic aspects of speech without fine-tuning its weights. We utilize an end-to-end system with a speech encoder, which is trained to produce token…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Wonjune Kang , Junteng Jia , Chunyang Wu , Wei Zhou , Egor Lakomkin , Yashesh Gaur , Leda Sari , Suyoun Kim , Ke Li , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli

Spatial sound reasoning is a fundamental human skill, enabling us to navigate and interpret our surroundings based on sound. In this paper we present BAT, which combines the spatial sound perception ability of a binaural acoustic scene…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Zhisheng Zheng , Puyuan Peng , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Eunsol Choi , David Harwath

The task of speaker change detection (SCD), which detects points where speakers change in an input, is essential for several applications. Several studies solved the SCD task using audio inputs only and have shown limited performance.…

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced performance on 2D visual tasks. However, improving their spatial intelligence remains a challenge. Existing 3D MLLMs always rely on additional 3D or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Diankun Wu , Fangfu Liu , Yi-Hsin Hung , Yueqi Duan

In this paper, we introduce the novel use of linear spatial precoding based on fixed and known parameters of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels to improve the performance of space-time coded MIMO systems. We derive linear…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Tharaka A. Lamahewa , Rodney A. Kennedy , Thushara D. Abhayapala , Van K. Nguyen

Current multi-channel speech enhancement systems mainly adopt single-output architecture, which face significant challenges in preserving spatio-temporal signal integrity during multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processing. To address…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-30 Lu Han , Junqi Zhao , Renhua Peng

Speech compression is commonly used to send voice over radio channels in applications such as mobile telephony and two-way push-to-talk (PTT) radio. In classical systems, the speech codec is combined with forward error correction,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 David Rowe , Jean-Marc Valin

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced audio processing through audio codecs that convert audio into discrete tokens, enabling the application of language modeling techniques to audio data. However, audio codecs often…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Edresson Casanova , Ryan Langman , Paarth Neekhara , Shehzeen Hussain , Jason Li , Subhankar Ghosh , Ante Jukić , Sang-gil Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced audio processing through audio codecs that convert audio into discrete tokens, enabling the application of language modelling techniques to audio data. However, traditional codecs…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Haohe Liu , Xuenan Xu , Yi Yuan , Mengyue Wu , Wenwu Wang , Mark D. Plumbley

Geometry problem-solving demands advanced reasoning abilities to process multimodal inputs and employ mathematical knowledge effectively. Vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant progress in various multimodal tasks. Yet, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Aditya Sharma , Aman Dalmia , Mehran Kazemi , Amal Zouaq , Christopher J. Pal