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The constructive approach within Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) treats a combinatorial optimization problem as a finite Markov decision process, where solutions are built incrementally through a sequence of decisions guided by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jonathan Pirnay , Dominik G. Grimm

Constructive neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) has attracted growing research attention due to its ability to solve complex routing problems without relying on handcrafted rules. However, existing NCO methods face significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Changliang Zhou , Xi Lin , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

Neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) has achieved remarkable performance, yet its learned model representations and decision rationale remain a black box. This impedes both academic research and practical deployment, since researchers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhiqin Zhang , Yining Ma , Zhiguang Cao , Hoong Chuin Lau

Real-world decision-making systems are often subject to uncertainties that have to be resolved through observational data. Therefore, we are frequently confronted with combinatorial optimization problems of which the objective function is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Guangmo Tong

The long-standing dominance of gradient-boosted decision trees for tabular data has recently been challenged by in-context learning tabular foundation models. In-context learning methods fit and predict in one forward pass without parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Guri Zabërgja , Rafiq Kamel , Arlind Kadra , Christian M. M. Frey , Josif Grabocka

Combinatorial optimization problems are notoriously challenging for neural networks, especially in the absence of labeled instances. This work proposes an unsupervised learning framework for CO problems on graphs that can provide integral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Nikolaos Karalias , Andreas Loukas

Combinatorial optimization problems involving multiple agents are notoriously challenging due to their NP-hard nature and the necessity for effective agent coordination. Despite advancements in learning-based methods, existing approaches…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Federico Berto , Chuanbo Hua , Laurin Luttmann , Jiwoo Son , Junyoung Park , Kyuree Ahn , Changhyun Kwon , Lin Xie , Jinkyoo Park

Neural Combinatorial Optimization aims to learn to solve a class of combinatorial problems through data-driven methods and notably through employing neural networks by learning the underlying distribution of problem instances. While, so far…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Daniela Thyssens , Tim Dernedde , Wilson Sentanoe , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Recent deep reinforcement learning methods have achieved remarkable success in solving multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems (MOCOPs) by decomposing them into multiple subproblems, each associated with a specific weight…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Mingfeng Fan , Jianan Zhou , Yifeng Zhang , Yaoxin Wu , Jinbiao Chen , Guillaume Adrien Sartoretti

Recent vision architectures and self-supervised training methods enable vision models that are extremely accurate and general, but come with massive parameter and computational costs. In practical settings, such as camera traps, users have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Denis Kuznedelev , Soroush Tabesh , Kimia Noorbakhsh , Elias Frantar , Sara Beery , Eldar Kurtic , Dan Alistarh

Neural network compression methods have enabled deploying large models on emerging edge devices with little cost, by adapting already-trained models to the constraints of these devices. The rapid development of AI-capable edge devices with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Soroosh Khoram , Jing Li

Reinforcement learning has emerged as a paradigm for post-training large language models, boosting their reasoning capabilities. Such approaches compute an advantage value for each sample, reflecting better or worse performance than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Changpeng Yang , Jinyang Wu , Yuchen Liu , Shuai Zhang , Yang Li , Qiliang Liang , Hongzhen Wang , Shuai Nie , Jiaming Xu , Runyu Shi , Ying Huang , Guoquan Zhang

Neural Combinatorial Optimisation (NCO) is a promising learning-based approach for solving Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) without extensive manual design. While existing constructive NCO methods typically follow an appending-based paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fu Luo , Xi Lin , Mengyuan Zhong , Fei Liu , Zhenkun Wang , Jianyong Sun , Qingfu Zhang

Deep neural networks are likely to fail when the test data is corrupted in real-world deployment (e.g., blur, weather, etc.). Test-time optimization is an effective way that adapts models to generalize to corrupted data during testing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Chenyu Yi , Siyuan Yang , Yufei Wang , Haoliang Li , Yap-Peng Tan , Alex C. Kot

Predictive combinatorial optimization, where the parameters of combinatorial optimization (CO) are unknown at the decision-making time, is the precise modeling of many real-world applications, including energy cost-aware scheduling and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Haoyu Geng , Hang Ruan , Runzhong Wang , Yang Li , Yang Wang , Lei Chen , Junchi Yan

Neural solvers have demonstrated remarkable success in combinatorial optimization, often surpassing traditional heuristics in speed, solution quality, and generalization. However, their efficacy deteriorates significantly when confronted…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zhanhong Fang , Debing Wang , Jinbiao Chen , Jiahai Wang , Zizhen Zhang

Learning from demonstration is widely used as an efficient way for robots to acquire new skills. However, it typically requires that demonstrations provide full access to the state and action sequences. In contrast, learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Zachary W. Robertson , Matthew R. Walter

Large language models (LLMs) are shifting from answer providers to intelligent tutors in educational settings, yet current supervised fine-tuning methods only learn surface teaching patterns without dynamic adaptation capabilities. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shouang Wei , Min Zhang , Xin Lin , Bo Jiang , Kun Kuang , Zhongxiang Dai

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has mostly focused on learning policies, typically neural networks, that operate on a single candidate solution at a time, either by constructing one from scratch or iteratively improving it. In…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Andoni Irazusta Garmendia , Josu Ceberio , Alexander Mendiburu

Neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) is a promising learning-based approach for solving challenging combinatorial optimization problems without specialized algorithm design by experts. However, most constructive NCO methods cannot solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Fu Luo , Xi Lin , Fei Liu , Qingfu Zhang , Zhenkun Wang