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Large Language Models (LLMs) are now integral to numerous industries, increasingly serving as the core reasoning engine for autonomous agents that perform complex tasks through tool-use. While the development of Arabic-native LLMs is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Konstantin Kubrak , Ahmed El-Moselhy , Ammar Alsulami , Remaz Altuwaim , Hassan Ismail Fawaz , Faisal Alsaby

Recent advances in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled unified processing of language, vision, and structured inputs, opening the door to complex tasks such as logical deduction, spatial reasoning, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Guiyao Tie , Xueyang Zhou , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Chaoran Hu , Sizhe Zhang , Mengqu Sun , Yan Zhang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Evaluating instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) in Hindi is challenging due to a lack of high-quality benchmarks, as direct translation of English datasets fails to capture crucial linguistic and cultural nuances. To address this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Anusha Kamath , Kanishk Singla , Rakesh Paul , Raviraj Joshi , Utkarsh Vaidya , Sanjay Singh Chauhan , Niranjan Wartikar

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate human communication, decision support, content creation, and information retrieval. Despite impressive fluency, these systems frequently produce biased or stereotypical content, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Muneeb Ur Raheem Khan

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to code-related tasks, a central question emerges: Do LLMs truly understand program semantics? We introduce EquiBench, a new benchmark for evaluating LLMs through equivalence checking, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Anjiang Wei , Jiannan Cao , Ran Li , Hongyu Chen , Yuhui Zhang , Ziheng Wang , Yuan Liu , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Diyi Yang , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

We present DialectalArabicMMLU, a new benchmark for evaluating the performance of large language models (LLMs) across Arabic dialects. While recently developed Arabic and multilingual benchmarks have advanced LLM evaluation for Modern…

Reasoning is an essential capacity for large language models (LLMs) to address complex tasks, where the identification of process errors is vital for improving this ability. Recently, process-level reward models (PRMs) were proposed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhaopan Xu , Pengfei Zhou , Jiaxin Ai , Wangbo Zhao , Kai Wang , Xiaojiang Peng , Wenqi Shao , Hongxun Yao , Kaipeng Zhang

With the rapid development and widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), multidimensional evaluation has become increasingly critical. However, current evaluations are often domain-specific and overly complex, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haitao Wu , Zongbo Han , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Huaxi Huang , Changqing Zhang

Alignment has become a critical step for instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) to become helpful assistants. However, the effective evaluation of alignment for emerging Chinese LLMs is still largely unexplored. To fill in this gap,…

Hybrid-reasoning large language models (LLMs) expose explicit controls over reasoning effort, allowing users or systems to trade off answer quality against inference cost. However, existing methods for adaptive thinking-mode selection are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yansong Ning , Mianpeng Liu , Jingwen Ye , Weidong Zhang , Hao Liu

Recent advancements in reasoning-reinforced Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, the mechanism underlying their utilization of different human reasoning skills remains poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Nghia Trung Ngo , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well on unseen tasks in English, but their abilities in non English languages are less explored due to limited benchmarks and training data. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Indic QA Benchmark, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Abhishek Kumar Singh , Vishwajeet kumar , Rudra Murthy , Jaydeep Sen , Ashish Mittal , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Large language models (LLMs) excel in high-resource languages but face notable challenges in low-resource languages like Mongolian. This paper addresses these challenges by categorizing capabilities into language abilities (syntax and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Mengyuan Zhang , Ruihui Wang , Bo Xia , Yuan Sun , Xiaobing Zhao

Existing multilingual long-context benchmarks, often based on the popular needle-in-a-haystack test, primarily evaluate a model's ability to locate specific information buried within irrelevant texts. However, such a retrieval-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Amey Hengle , Prasoon Bajpai , Soham Dan , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Current evaluation benchmarks for question answering (QA) in Indic languages often rely on machine translation of existing English datasets. This approach suffers from bias and inaccuracies inherent in machine translation, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Vaishak Narayanan , Prabin Raj KP , Saifudheen Nouphal

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) necessitates evaluation frameworks that reflect real-world academic rigor and multilingual complexity. This paper introduces IndicEval, a scalable benchmarking platform designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Saurabh Bharti , Gaurav Azad , Abhinaw Jagtap , Nachiket Tapas

The goal of achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is to imitate humans and surpass them. Models such as OpenAI's o1, o3, and DeepSeek's R1 have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) with human-like reasoning capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yansheng Qiu , Li Xiao , Zhaopan Xu , Pengfei Zhou , Zheng Wang , Kaipeng Zhang

Reasoning has emerged as the next major frontier for language models (LMs), with rapid advances from both academic and industrial labs. However, this progress often outpaces methodological rigor, with many evaluations relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Andreas Hochlehnert , Hardik Bhatnagar , Vishaal Udandarao , Samuel Albanie , Ameya Prabhu , Matthias Bethge

Analogies test a model's ability to infer implicit relationships between concepts, making them a key benchmark for evaluating reasoning capabilities. While large language models (LLMs) are widely evaluated for reasoning in English, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Ashray Gupta , Rohan Joseph , Sunny Rai

Recently developed large language models (LLMs) have been shown to perform remarkably well on a wide range of language understanding tasks. But, can they really "reason" over the natural language? This question has been receiving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Mihir Parmar , Nisarg Patel , Neeraj Varshney , Mutsumi Nakamura , Man Luo , Santosh Mashetty , Arindam Mitra , Chitta Baral