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For quantum communications, the use of Earth-orbiting satellites to extend distances has gained significant attention in recent years, exemplified in particular by the launch of the Micius satellite in 2016. The performance of applied…

Quantum information, computation and communication, will have a great impact on our world. One important subfield will be quantum networking and the quantum Internet. The purpose of a quantum Internet is to enable applications that are…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Antonio Abelem , Don Towsley , Gayane Vardoyan

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) networks harness the principles of quantum physics in order to securely transmit cryptographic key material, providing physical guarantees. These networks require traditional management and operational…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Jorge López , Charalampos Chatzinakis , Marc Cartigny

Future quantum networks will be composed of both terrestrial links for metropolitan and continent-scale connections and space-based links for global coverage and infrastructure resilience. However, the propagation of quantum signals through…

Quantum Information Networks (QIN) attract increasing interest, as they will enable interconnection of multiple quantum devices in a distributed organization thus enhancing intrinsic computing, sensing, and security capabilities. The core…

The establishment of a world-wide quantum communication network relies on the synergistic integration of satellite-based links and fiber-based networks. The first are helpful for long-distance communication, as the photon losses introduced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-04 Carlo Liorni , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Quantum networks offer a unifying set of opportunities and challenges across exciting intellectual and technical frontiers, including for quantum computation, communication, and metrology. The realization of quantum networks composed of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 H. J. Kimble

Quantum networks that distribute entanglement among remote nodes will unlock transformational technologies in quantum computing, communication, and sensing. However, state-of-the-art networks utilize only a single optically-addressed qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Andrei Ruskuc , Chun-Ju Wu , Emanuel Green , Sophie L. N. Hermans , Joonhee Choi , Andrei Faraon

Quantum networks rely on the efficient distribution of entanglement to enable long-distance quantum communication and information processing. A key challenge in these networks is the design of routing protocols capable of maintaining high…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Javier Vecino Peñas , Ana Fernández-Vilas , Rebeca P. Díaz-Redondo , Sergio Gándara Gándara , Manuel Fernández-Veiga

This paper proposes an optimization of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Networks using Graph Neural Networks (GNN) framework. Today, the development of quantum computers threatens the security systems of classical cryptography. Moreover, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 Akshit Pramod Anchan , Ameiy Acharya , Leki Chom Thungon

The realization of the Quantum Internet promises transformative capabilities in secure communication, distributed quantum computing, and high-precision metrology. However, transitioning from laboratory experiments to a scalable,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Athanasios Gkelias , Felix T. A. Burt , Kin K. Leung

Quantum computing holds a great promise and this work proposes to use new quantum data networks (QDNs) to connect multiple small quantum computers to form a cluster. Such a QDN differs from existing QKD networks in that the former must…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Yangming Zhao , Chunming Qiao

Secure communication makes the widespread use of telecommunication networks and services possible. With the constant progress of computing and mathematics, new cryptographic methods are being diligently developed. Quantum Key Distribution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Emir Dervisevic , Amina Tankovic , Ehsan Fazel , Ramana Kompella , Peppino Fazio , Miroslav Voznak , Miralem Mehic

Quantum communication has been successfully implemented in optical fibres and through free-space [1-3]. Fibre systems, though capable of fast key rates and low quantum bit error rates (QBERs), are impractical in communicating with…

Dynamic and flexible optical networking enabled by NFV and SDN are the key technology enablers for supporting the dynamicity and bandwidth requirements of emerging 5G network services. To achieve the objective of 5G, Network Services (NSes)…

Current quantum key distribution (QKD) networks focus almost exclusively on transporting secret keys with the highest possible rate. Consequently, they are built as mostly fixed, ad hoc, logically, and physically isolated infrastructures…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows to share random keys between two users with unconditional security: the key is usually generated by exchanging a stream of photons. The long-term vision of QKD is represented by a quantum network,…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic method enabling two parties to establish a private encryption key. The range of communication of ground-based QKD is limited to an order of 100km, due to in-fibre attenuations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Olivia Lee , Tom Vergoossen

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is maturing quickly. However, the current approaches to its application in optical networks make it an expensive technology. QKD networks deployed to date are designed as a collection of point-to-point,…

We address the problem of optimal pumping strategies in quantum networks. These networks enable secure communication by distributing entangled photon pairs to user (or node) pairs. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols, like BBM92,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-21 Sanidhay Bhambay , Siddarth Koduru Joshi , Thirupathaiah Vasantam , Neil Walton