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Memory, additional information beyond the training of large language models (LLMs), is crucial to various real-world applications, such as personal assistant. The two mainstream solutions to incorporate memory into the generation process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Jiale Wei , Shuchi Wu , Ruochen Liu , Xiang Ying , Jingbo Shang , Fangbo Tao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant memories from an external database. However, existing RAG methods typically organize all memories in a whole database, potentially limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zheng Wang , Shu Xian Teo , Jieer Ouyang , Yongjun Xu , Wei Shi

Structured pruning is one of the representative techniques for compressing large language models (LLMs) to reduce GPU memory consumption and accelerate inference speed. It offers significant practical value in improving the efficiency of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yiheng Liu , Junhao Ning , Sichen Xia , Xiaohui Gao , Ning Qiang , Bao Ge , Junwei Han , Xintao Hu

Inspired by the insights in cognitive science with respect to human memory and reasoning mechanism, a novel evolvable LLM-based (Large Language Model) agent framework is proposed as REMEMBERER. By equipping the LLM with a long-term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Danyang Zhang , Lu Chen , Situo Zhang , Hongshen Xu , Zihan Zhao , Kai Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) need to adapt to the continuous changes in data, tasks, and user preferences. Due to their massive size and the high costs associated with training, LLMs are not suitable for frequent retraining. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Memory-augmented large language models extend reasoning beyond a fixed context window by maintaining long-term memory across interactions. However, existing memory systems often collapse stable user facts, episodic events, and behavioral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Hyeonjeong Ha , Jeonghwan Kim , Cheng Qian , Jiayu Liu , William M. Campbell , Yue Wu , Yuji Zhang , Kathleen McKeown , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Heng Ji

LLM-based agents have been extensively applied across various domains, where memory stands out as one of their most essential capabilities. Previous memory mechanisms of LLM-based agents are manually predefined by human experts, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zeyu Zhang , Quanyu Dai , Rui Li , Xiaohe Bo , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but incur high inference cost in real-world services, especially under workloads with repeated or near-duplicate queries across users and sessions. In this work, we propose MemBoost, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Joris Köster , Zixuan Liu , Siavash Khajavi , Zizhan Zheng

Multi-agent systems built on Large Language Models (LLMs) show exceptional promise for complex collaborative problem-solving, yet they face fundamental challenges stemming from context window limitations that impair memory consistency, role…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sizhe Yuen , Francisco Gomez Medina , Ting Su , Yali Du , Adam J. Sobey

Nowadays, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been trained using extended context lengths to foster more creative applications. However, long context training poses great challenges considering the constraint of GPU memory. It not only leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Pinxue Zhao , Hailin Zhang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaonan Nie , Qibin Liu , Fang Yang , Yuanbo Peng , Dian Jiao , Shuaipeng Li , Jinbao Xue , Yangyu Tao , Bin Cui

Although LLMs demonstrate proficiency in several text-based reasoning and planning tasks, their implementation in robotics control is constrained by significant deficiencies: (1) LLM agents are designed to work mainly with textual inputs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shuang Ao , Flora D. Salim , Simon Khan

Multimodal embeddings are widely used in downstream tasks such as multimodal retrieval, enabling alignment of interleaved modalities in a shared representation space. While recent studies show that Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Chunxu Liu , Jiyuan Yang , Ruopeng Gao , Yuhan Zhu , Feng Zhu , Rui Zhao , Limin Wang

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) [40] trains classifiers under a strict memory budget: in each incremental phase, learning is done for new data, most of which is abandoned to free space for the next phase. The preserved data are exemplars…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Yaoyao Liu , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun

Large transformer models, trained on diverse datasets, have demonstrated impressive few-shot performance on previously unseen tasks without requiring parameter updates. This capability has also been explored in Reinforcement Learning (RL),…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Tao Jiang , Zichuan Lin , Lihe Li , Yi-Chen Li , Cong Guan , Lei Yuan , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu , Deheng Ye

Existing Large Language Models (LLMs) usually remain static after deployment, which might make it hard to inject new knowledge into the model. We aim to build models containing a considerable portion of self-updatable parameters, enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yu Wang , Yifan Gao , Xiusi Chen , Haoming Jiang , Shiyang Li , Jingfeng Yang , Qingyu Yin , Zheng Li , Xian Li , Bing Yin , Jingbo Shang , Julian McAuley

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown stunning results in complex tasks, yet they often operate in isolation, failing to learn from past experiences. Existing memory-based methods primarily store raw trajectories, which are often…

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across a wide range of tasks, but remain frozen after pretraining until subsequent updates. Many real-world applications require timely, domain-specific information, motivating the…

Recent works have highlighted the significance of memory mechanisms in LLM-based agents, which enable them to store observed information and adapt to dynamic environments. However, evaluating their memory capabilities still remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Haoran Tan , Zeyu Zhang , Chen Ma , Xu Chen , Quanyu Dai , Zhenhua Dong

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a pivotal component of large language model (LLM) post-training, and agentic RL extends this paradigm to operate as agents through multi-turn interaction and tool use. Scaling such systems exposes two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zheyue Tan , Mustapha Abdullahi , Tuo Shi , Huining Yuan , Zelai Xu , Chao Yu , Boxun Li , Bo Zhao

Online reinforcement learning agents are currently able to process an increasing amount of data by converting it into a higher order value functions. This expansion of the information collected from the environment increases the agent's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Mirza Ramicic , Andrea Bonarini