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The recent developments and growing interest in neural-symbolic models has shown that hybrid approaches can offer richer models for Artificial Intelligence. The integration of effective relational learning and reasoning methods is one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Henrique Lemos , Pedro Avelar , Marcelo Prates , Luís Lamb , Artur Garcez

Integrating symbolic techniques with statistical ones is a long-standing problem in artificial intelligence. The motivation is that the strengths of either area match the weaknesses of the other, and $\unicode{x2013}$ by combining the two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Jonathan Feldstein , Paulius Dilkas , Vaishak Belle , Efthymia Tsamoura

Developing models that can learn to reason is a notoriously challenging problem. We focus on reasoning in relational domains, where the use of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) seems like a natural choice. However, previous work has shown that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Irtaza Khalid , Steven Schockaert

Neurosymbolic programs combine deep learning with symbolic reasoning to achieve better data efficiency, interpretability, and generalizability compared to standalone deep learning approaches. However, existing neurosymbolic learning…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Paul Biberstein , Ziyang Li , Joseph Devietti , Mayur Naik

Neurosymbolic AI is an increasingly active area of research that combines symbolic reasoning methods with deep learning to leverage their complementary benefits. As knowledge graphs are becoming a popular way to represent heterogeneous and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Lauren Nicole DeLong , Ramon Fernández Mir , Jacques D. Fleuriot

Neuro-symbolic AI is an effective method for improving the overall performance of AI models by combining the advantages of neural networks and symbolic learning. However, there are differences between the two in terms of how they process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xin Zhang , Victor S. Sheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in complex reasoning tasks but struggle with consistent rule application, exception handling, and explainability, particularly in domains like legal analysis that require both natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Albert Sadowski , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Over the last few decades, Artificial Intelligence (AI) scientists have been conducting investigations to attain human-level performance by a machine in accomplishing a cognitive task. Within machine learning, the ultimate aspiration is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Delower Hossain , Jake Y Chen

The area of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence (Neurosymbolic AI) is rapidly developing and has become a popular research topic, encompassing sub-fields such as Neurosymbolic Deep Learning (Neurosymbolic DL) and Neurosymbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 K. Acharya , W. Raza , C. M. J. M. Dourado , A. Velasquez , H. Song

Probabilistic logical models are a core component of neurosymbolic AI and are important in their own right for tasks that require high explainability. Unlike neural networks, logical theories that underlie the model are often handcrafted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jonathan Feldstein , Dominic Phillips , Efthymia Tsamoura

Current Retrieval-Augmented Generation systems use uniform processing, causing inefficiency as simple queries consume resources similar to complex multi-hop tasks. We present SymRAG, a framework that introduces adaptive query routing via…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Safayat Bin Hakim , Muhammad Adil , Alvaro Velasquez , Houbing Herbert Song

Neural reasoning accuracy improves when generating intermediate reasoning steps. However, the source of this improvement is yet unclear. Here, we investigate and factorize the benefit of generating intermediate steps for symbolic reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Yoichi Aoki , Keito Kudo , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Ana Brassard , Masashi Yoshikawa , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

In this work, we introduce Contextual Analog Logic with Multimodality (CALM). CALM unites symbolic reasoning with neural generation, enabling systems to make context-sensitive decisions grounded in real-world multi-modal data. Background:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Maxwell J. Jacobson , Corey J. Maley , Yexiang Xue

Dramatic progress has been witnessed in basic vision tasks involving low-level perception, such as object recognition, detection, and tracking. Unfortunately, there is still an enormous performance gap between artificial vision systems and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Chi Zhang , Feng Gao , Baoxiong Jia , Yixin Zhu , Song-Chun Zhu

We contribute a theoretical and operational framework for neurosymbolic AI called DeepLog. DeepLog introduces building blocks and primitives for neurosymbolic AI that make abstraction of commonly used representations and computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Vincent Derkinderen , Robin Manhaeve , Rik Adriaensen , Lucas Van Praet , Lennert De Smet , Giuseppe Marra , Luc De Raedt

Many high-performance models suffer from a lack of interpretability. There has been an increasing influx of work on explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in order to disentangle what is meant and expected by XAI. Nevertheless, there is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Adrien Bennetot , Jean-Luc Laurent , Raja Chatila , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez

Numerical reasoning over text is a challenging task of Artificial Intelligence (AI), requiring reading comprehension and numerical reasoning abilities. Previous approaches use numerical reasoning programs to represent the reasoning process.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Jiaxin Zhang , Yashar Moshfeghi

Open-source simulation tools play a crucial role for neuromorphic application engineers and hardware architects to investigate performance bottlenecks and explore design optimizations before committing to silicon. Reconfigurable…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Sahil Hassan , Michael Inouye , Miguel C. Gonzalez , Ilkin Aliyev , Joshua Mack , Maisha Hafiz , Ali Akoglu

We study the interpretability issue of task-oriented dialogue systems in this paper. Previously, most neural-based task-oriented dialogue systems employ an implicit reasoning strategy that makes the model predictions uninterpretable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Shiquan Yang , Rui Zhang , Sarah Erfani , Jey Han Lau

We present a framework where neural models develop an AI Mother Tongue, a native symbolic language that simultaneously supports intuitive reasoning, compositional symbol chains, and inherent interpretability. Unlike post-hoc explanation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Hung Ming Liu