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Medical treatments often involve a sequence of decisions, each informed by previous outcomes. This process closely aligns with reinforcement learning (RL), a framework for optimizing sequential decisions to maximize cumulative rewards under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ali Shirali , Alexander Schubert , Ahmed Alaa

We consider the challenging problem of using domain knowledge to improve deep reinforcement learning policies. To this end, we propose LEGIBLE, a novel approach, following a multi-step process, which starts by mining rules from a deep RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Martin Tappler , Ignacio D. Lopez-Miguel , Sebastian Tschiatschek , Ezio Bartocci

Machine unlearning, i.e. having a model forget about some of its training data, has become increasingly more important as privacy legislation promotes variants of the right-to-be-forgotten. In the context of deep learning, approaches for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Anvith Thudi , Hengrui Jia , Ilia Shumailov , Nicolas Papernot

Machine unlearning is the problem of removing the effect of a subset of training data (the ''forget set'') from a trained model without damaging the model's utility e.g. to comply with users' requests to delete their data, or remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kairan Zhao , Meghdad Kurmanji , George-Octavian Bărbulescu , Eleni Triantafillou , Peter Triantafillou

We revisit the efficacy of several practical methods for approximate machine unlearning developed for large-scale deep learning. In addition to complying with data deletion requests, one often-cited potential application for unlearning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Martin Pawelczyk , Jimmy Z. Di , Yiwei Lu , Gautam Kamath , Ayush Sekhari , Seth Neel

Machine unlearning is the process of efficiently removing specific information from a trained machine learning model without retraining from scratch. Existing unlearning methods, which often provide provable guarantees, typically involve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Somnath Basu Roy Chowdhury , Rahul Kidambi , Avinava Dubey , David Wang , Gokhan Mergen , Amr Ahmed , Aranyak Mehta

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities, but their training on massive corpora poses significant risks from memorized sensitive information. To mitigate these issues and align with legal standards, unlearning has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ruichen Qiu , Jiajun Tan , Jiayue Pu , Honglin Wang , Xiao-Shan Gao , Fei Sun

Language models (LMs) are trained on vast amounts of text data, which may include private and copyrighted content. Data owners may request the removal of their data from a trained model due to privacy or copyright concerns. However, exactly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Weijia Shi , Jaechan Lee , Yangsibo Huang , Sadhika Malladi , Jieyu Zhao , Ari Holtzman , Daogao Liu , Luke Zettlemoyer , Noah A. Smith , Chiyuan Zhang

Machine unlearning offers a promising solution to privacy and safety concerns in large language models (LLMs) by selectively removing targeted knowledge while preserving utility. However, current methods are highly sensitive to downstream…

With the increasing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), more customization is needed to ensure privacy-preserving and safe generation. We address this objective from two critical aspects: unlearning of sensitive information and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Fatmazohra Rezkellah , Ramzi Dakhmouche

Modern recommender systems face a critical challenge in complying with privacy regulations like the 'right to be forgotten': removing a user's data without disrupting recommendations for others. Traditional unlearning methods address this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haichao Zhang , Chong Zhang , Peiyu Hu , Shi Qiu , Jia Wang

Federated learning (FL) increasingly needs machine unlearning to comply with privacy regulations. However, existing federated unlearning approaches may overlook the overlapping information between the unlearning and remaining data, leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiaheng Wei , Yanjun Zhang , He Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang , Chao Chen , Kok-Leong Ong , Jun Zhang , Yang Xiang

Unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential for ensuring ethical and responsible AI use, especially in addressing privacy leak, bias, safety, and evolving regulations. Existing approaches to LLM unlearning often rely on retain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yaxuan Wang , Jiaheng Wei , Chris Yuhao Liu , Jinlong Pang , Quan Liu , Ankit Parag Shah , Yujia Bao , Yang Liu , Wei Wei

Lifelong learning algorithms enable models to incrementally acquire new knowledge without forgetting previously learned information. Contrarily, the field of machine unlearning focuses on explicitly forgetting certain previous knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ozan Özdenizci , Elmar Rueckert , Robert Legenstein

Growing concerns surrounding AI safety and data privacy have driven the development of Machine Unlearning as a potential solution. However, current machine unlearning algorithms are designed to complement the offline training paradigm. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sayanta Adhikari , Vishnuprasadh Kumaravelu , P. K. Srijith

We study how to perform unlearning, i.e. forgetting undesirable misbehaviors, on large language models (LLMs). We show at least three scenarios of aligning LLMs with human preferences can benefit from unlearning: (1) removing harmful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yuanshun Yao , Xiaojun Xu , Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) risk retaining unauthorized or sensitive information from their training data, which raises privacy concerns. LLM unlearning seeks to mitigate these risks by selectively removing specified data while maintaining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hwan Chang , Hwanhee Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on extensive datasets often learn sensitive information, which raises significant social and legal concerns under principles such as the "Right to be forgotten." Retraining entire models from scratch to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Kun-Woo Kim , Ji-Hoon Park , Ju-Min Han , Seong-Whan Lee

Privacy regulations like the GDPR in Europe and the CCPA in the US allow users the right to remove their data ML applications. Machine unlearning addresses this by modifying the ML parameters in order to forget the influence of a specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ayush K. Varshney , Vicenç Torra

While Code Language Models (CLMs) have demonstrated superior performance in software engineering tasks such as code generation and summarization, recent empirical studies reveal a critical privacy vulnerability: these models exhibit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zhaoyang Chu , Yao Wan , Zhikun Zhang , Di Wang , Zhou Yang , Hongyu Zhang , Pan Zhou , Xuanhua Shi , Hai Jin , David Lo