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Automatic heuristic design (AHD) has emerged as a promising paradigm for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). Recent works show that large language models (LLMs), when integrated into well-designed frameworks (i.e.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haoze Lv , Ning Lu , Ziang Zhou , Shengcai Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced Automated Heuristic Design (AHD) in combinatorial optimization (CO) in the past few years. However, existing discovery pipelines often require extensive manual trial-and-error or reliance on domain…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mingxin Yu , Ruixiao Yang , Chuchu Fan

We consider enhancing large language models (LLMs) for complex planning tasks. While existing methods allow LLMs to explore intermediate steps to make plans, they either depend on unreliable self-verification or external verifiers to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Hongyi Ling , Shubham Parashar , Sambhav Khurana , Blake Olson , Anwesha Basu , Gaurangi Sinha , Zhengzhong Tu , James Caverlee , Shuiwang Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have recently advanced automatic heuristic design (AHD) for combinatorial optimization (CO), where candidate heuristics are iteratively proposed, evaluated, and refined. Most existing approaches search over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Nguyen Viet Tuan Kiet , Bui Dinh Pham , Dao Van Tung , Tran Cong Dao , Huynh Thi Thanh Binh

Tackling complex optimization problems often relies on expert-designed heuristics, typically crafted through extensive trial and error. Recent advances demonstrate that large language models (LLMs), when integrated into well-designed…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ziyao Huang , Weiwei Wu , Kui Wu , Jianping Wang , Wei-Bin Lee

Heuristic design with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising approach for tackling combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). However, existing approaches often rely on manually predefined evolutionary computation (EC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yiding Shi , Jianan Zhou , Wen Song , Jieyi Bi , Yaoxin Wu , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang

This paper introduces MeLA, a Metacognitive LLM-Driven Architecture that presents a new paradigm for Automatic Heuristic Design (AHD). Traditional evolutionary methods operate directly on heuristic code; in contrast, MeLA evolves the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Zishang Qiu , Xinan Chen , Long Chen , Ruibin Bai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capability in many natural language tasks. However, the auto-regressive generation process makes LLMs prone to produce errors, hallucinations and inconsistent statements when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Chaojie Wang , Yanchen Deng , Zhiyi Lyu , Liang Zeng , Jujie He , Shuicheng Yan , Bo An

Heuristics are a central component of deterministic planning, particularly in domain-independent settings where general applicability is prioritized over task-specific tuning. This work revisits that paradigm in light of recent advances in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Alexander Tuisov , Yonatan Vernik , Alexander Shleyfman

Automated heuristic design (AHD) has gained considerable attention for its potential to automate the development of effective heuristics. The recent advent of large language models (LLMs) has paved a new avenue for AHD, with initial efforts…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Rui Zhang , Fei Liu , Xi Lin , Zhenkun Wang , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

Designing optimization approaches, whether heuristic or meta-heuristic, usually demands extensive manual intervention and has difficulty generalizing across diverse problem domains. The combination of Large Language Models (LLMs) and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-29 He Yu , Jing Liu

Automated Heuristic Design (AHD) using Large Language Models (LLMs) has achieved notable success in recent years. Despite the effectiveness of existing approaches, they only design a single heuristic to serve all problem instances, often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Fei Liu , Yilu Liu , Qingfu Zhang , Xialiang Tong , Mingxuan Yuan

Designing heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) is a fundamental yet challenging task that traditionally requires extensive domain expertise. Recently, Large Language Model (LLM)-based Automated Heuristic Design (AHD)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bin Chen , Shouliang Zhu , Beidan Liu , Yong Zhao , Tianle Pu , Huichun Li , Zhengqiu Zhu

Heuristics are widely used for dealing with complex search and optimization problems. However, manual design of heuristics can be often very labour extensive and requires rich working experience and knowledge. This paper proposes Evolution…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Fei Liu , Xialiang Tong , Mingxuan Yuan , Xi Lin , Fu Luo , Zhenkun Wang , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

Planning in complex environments requires an agent to efficiently query a world model to find a feasible sequence of actions from start to goal. Recent work has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs), with their rich prior knowledge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Gonzalo Gonzalez-Pumariega , Wayne Chen , Kushal Kedia , Sanjiban Choudhury

Path planning is a fundamental scientific problem in robotics and autonomous navigation, requiring the derivation of efficient routes from starting to destination points while avoiding obstacles. Traditional algorithms like A* and its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Silin Meng , Yiwei Wang , Cheng-Fu Yang , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

Heuristic search is the dominant paradigm in symbolic AI planning, and the strongest heuristics are the result of decades of work by planning researchers. Recent work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can design heuristics for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Elliot Gestrin , Jendrik Seipp

Combinatorial optimization problems often rely on heuristic algorithms to generate efficient solutions. However, the manual design of heuristics is resource-intensive and constrained by the designer's expertise. Recent advances in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Thomas Bömer , Nico Koltermann , Max Disselnmeyer , Laura Dörr , Anne Meyer

Large Language Models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for automated heuristic design for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. Despite this progress, existing LLM-based methods typically rely on monolithic workflows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yuping Yan , Jirui Han , Fei Ming , Yuanshuai Li , Yaochu Jin

Mechanism design has long been a cornerstone of economic theory, with traditional approaches relying on mathematical derivations. Recently, automated approaches, including differentiable economics with neural networks, have emerged for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jiayuan Liu , Mingyu Guo , Vincent Conitzer
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