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We propose a new stochastic optimization framework for empirical risk minimization problems such as those that arise in machine learning. The traditional approaches, such as (mini-batch) stochastic gradient descent (SGD), utilize an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-04 Kenji Kawaguchi , Haihao Lu

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a prevalent optimization technique for large-scale distributed machine learning. While SGD computation can be efficiently divided between multiple machines, communication typically becomes a bottleneck…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Dmitrii Avdiukhin , Grigory Yaroslavtsev

Stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDm) is one of the most popular optimization algorithms in deep learning. While there is a rich theory of SGDm for convex problems, the theory is considerably less developed in the context of deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-05 Umut Şimşekli , Lingjiong Zhu , Yee Whye Teh , Mert Gürbüzbalaban

First-order stochastic methods for solving large-scale non-convex optimization problems are widely used in many big-data applications, e.g. training deep neural networks as well as other complex and potentially non-convex machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Matilde Gargiani , Andrea Zanelli , Quoc Tran-Dinh , Moritz Diehl , Frank Hutter

We consider a one-hidden-layer leaky ReLU network of arbitrary width trained by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) following an arbitrary initialization. We prove that SGD produces neural networks that have classification accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Spencer Frei , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

Information-theoretic generalization bounds analyze stochastic optimization by relating expected generalization error to the mutual information between learned parameters and training data. Virtual perturbation analyses of SGD add auxiliary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Mohammad Partohaghighi

Variance reduction has been commonly used in stochastic optimization. It relies crucially on the assumption that the data set is finite. However, when the data are imputed with random noise as in data augmentation, the perturbed data set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Shuai Zheng , James T. Kwok

Differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) is the gold standard for training machine learning models with formal differential privacy guarantees. Several recent extensions improve its accuracy by introducing correlated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Nikita P. Kalinin , Ryan McKenna , Rasmus Pagh , Christoph H. Lampert

In this paper, we study the problem of robust subspace recovery (RSR) in the presence of both strong adversarial corruptions and Gaussian noise. Specifically, given a limited number of noisy samples -- some of which are tampered by an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Guixian Chen , Jianhao Ma , Salar Fattahi

The proximal stochastic gradient method (PSGD) is one of the state-of-the-art approaches for stochastic composite-type problems. In contrast to its deterministic counterpart, PSGD has been found to have difficulties with the correct…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Junwen Qiu , Li Jiang , Andre Milzarek

SGD does not produce robust results on datasets with label noise. Because the gradients calculated according to the losses of the noisy samples cause the optimization process to go in the wrong direction. In this paper, as an alternative to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Enes Dedeoglu , Himmet Toprak Kesgin , Mehmet Fatih Amasyali

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) exhibits strong algorithmic regularization effects in practice, which has been hypothesized to play an important role in the generalization of modern machine learning approaches. In this work, we seek to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Difan Zou , Jingfeng Wu , Vladimir Braverman , Quanquan Gu , Dean P. Foster , Sham M. Kakade

This paper considers the smooth bilevel optimization in which the lower-level problem is strongly convex and the upper-level problem is possibly nonconvex. We focus on the stochastic setting where the algorithm can access the unbiased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zhuanghua Liu , Luo Luo

We propose a robust gradient estimator based on per-sample gradient clipping and analyze its properties both theoretically and empirically. We show that the resulting method, per-sample clipped SGD (PS-Clip-SGD), achieves optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Davide Nobile , Philipp Grohs

In recent years, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods and randomized linear algebra (RLA) algorithms have been applied to many large-scale problems in machine learning and data analysis. We aim to bridge the gap between these two…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-11 Jiyan Yang , Yin-Lam Chow , Christopher Ré , Michael W. Mahoney

A commonly used heuristic in non-convex optimization is Normalized Gradient Descent (NGD) - a variant of gradient descent in which only the direction of the gradient is taken into account and its magnitude ignored. We analyze this heuristic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Kfir Y. Levy

In this paper, we propose robust stochastic algorithms for solving convex compositional problems of the form $f(\E_\xi g(\cdot; \xi)) + r(\cdot)$ by establishing {\bf sub-Gaussian confidence bounds} under weak assumptions about the tails of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Yan Yan , Xin Man , Tianbao Yang

We study trade-offs between the population risk curvature, geometry of the noise, and preconditioning on the generalisation ability of the multipass Preconditioned Stochastic Gradient Descent (PSGD). Many practical optimisation heuristics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Simon Vary , Tyler Farghly , Ilja Kuzborskij , Patrick Rebeschini

With the rapid development of distributed optimization (DO) theory, the distributed stochastic gradient methods (DSGMs) occupy an important position. Although the theory of different DSGMs has been widely established, the main-stream…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Zhan Yu , Zhongjie Shi , Deming Yuan

The gradient noise (GN) in the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm is often considered to be Gaussian in the large data regime by assuming that the classical central limit theorem (CLT) kicks in. This assumption is often made for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Umut Simsekli , Levent Sagun , Mert Gurbuzbalaban