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Computer-use agents (CUAs) automate on-screen work, as illustrated by GPT-5.4 and Claude. Yet their reliability on complex, low-frequency interactions is still poor, limiting user trust. Our analysis of failure cases from advanced models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Miaosen Zhang , Xiaohan Zhao , Zhihong Tan , Zhou Huoshen , Yijia Fan , Yifan Yang , Kai Qiu , Bei Liu , Justin Wagle , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Ji Li , Qi Dai , Chong Luo , Xu Yang , Xin Geng , Baining Guo

The development of high-quality datasets is crucial for benchmarking and advancing research in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents. Despite their importance, existing datasets are often constructed under idealized conditions, overlooking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jingqi Yang , Zhilong Song , Jiawei Chen , Mingli Song , Sheng Zhou , linjun sun , Xiaogang Ouyang , Chun Chen , Can Wang

For decades, human-computer interaction has fundamentally been manual. Even today, almost all productive work done on the computer necessitates human input at every step. Autonomous virtual agents represent an exciting step in automating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Raghav Kapoor , Yash Parag Butala , Melisa Russak , Jing Yu Koh , Kiran Kamble , Waseem Alshikh , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation holds significant promise for assisting users with complex tasks, thereby boosting human productivity. Existing works leveraging Large Language Model (LLM) or LLM-based AI agents have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Difei Gao , Lei Ji , Zechen Bai , Mingyu Ouyang , Peiran Li , Dongxing Mao , Qinchen Wu , Weichen Zhang , Peiyi Wang , Xiangwu Guo , Hengxu Wang , Luowei Zhou , Mike Zheng Shou

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents extend large language models from text generation to action execution in real-world digital environments. Unlike conversational systems, GUI agents perform irreversible operations such as submitting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yucheng Shi , Wenhao Yu , Jingyuan Huang , Wenlin Yao , Wenhu Chen , Ninghao Liu

GUI agents are designed to automate repetitive tasks and enhance productivity. However, existing GUI agents struggle to recover once they follow an incorrect exploration path, often leading to task failure. In this work, we model GUI task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ziyu Lu , Tengjin Weng , Yiying Yang , Yuhang Zhao , Xinxin Huang , Wenhao Jiang

GUI agents drive applications through their visual interfaces instead of programmatic APIs, interacting with arbitrary software via taps, swipes, and keystrokes, reaching a long tail of applications that CLI-based agents cannot. Yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Fei Tang , Zhiqiong Lu , Boxuan Zhang , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

We introduce GUI-360$^\circ$, a large-scale, comprehensive dataset and benchmark suite designed to advance computer-using agents (CUAs). CUAs present unique challenges and is constrained by three persistent gaps: a scarcity of real-world…

The development of autonomous agents for graphical user interfaces (GUIs) presents major challenges in artificial intelligence. While recent advances in native agent models have shown promise by unifying perception, reasoning, action, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Haoming Wang , Haoyang Zou , Huatong Song , Jiazhan Feng , Junjie Fang , Junting Lu , Longxiang Liu , Qinyu Luo , Shihao Liang , Shijue Huang , Wanjun Zhong , Yining Ye , Yujia Qin , Yuwen Xiong , Yuxin Song , Zhiyong Wu , Aoyan Li , Bo Li , Chen Dun , Chong Liu , Daoguang Zan , Fuxing Leng , Hanbin Wang , Hao Yu , Haobin Chen , Hongyi Guo , Jing Su , Jingjia Huang , Kai Shen , Kaiyu Shi , Lin Yan , Peiyao Zhao , Pengfei Liu , Qinghao Ye , Renjie Zheng , Shulin Xin , Wayne Xin Zhao , Wen Heng , Wenhao Huang , Wenqian Wang , Xiaobo Qin , Yi Lin , Youbin Wu , Zehui Chen , Zihao Wang , Baoquan Zhong , Xinchun Zhang , Xujing Li , Yuanfan Li , Zhongkai Zhao , Chengquan Jiang , Faming Wu , Haotian Zhou , Jinlin Pang , Li Han , Qi Liu , Qianli Ma , Siyao Liu , Songhua Cai , Wenqi Fu , Xin Liu , Yaohui Wang , Zhi Zhang , Bo Zhou , Guoliang Li , Jiajun Shi , Jiale Yang , Jie Tang , Li Li , Qihua Han , Taoran Lu , Woyu Lin , Xiaokang Tong , Xinyao Li , Yichi Zhang , Yu Miao , Zhengxuan Jiang , Zili Li , Ziyuan Zhao , Chenxin Li , Dehua Ma , Feng Lin , Ge Zhang , Haihua Yang , Hangyu Guo , Hongda Zhu , Jiaheng Liu , Junda Du , Kai Cai , Kuanye Li , Lichen Yuan , Meilan Han , Minchao Wang , Shuyue Guo , Tianhao Cheng , Xiaobo Ma , Xiaojun Xiao , Xiaolong Huang , Xinjie Chen , Yidi Du , Yilin Chen , Yiwen Wang , Zhaojian Li , Zhenzhu Yang , Zhiyuan Zeng , Chaolin Jin , Chen Li , Hao Chen , Haoli Chen , Jian Chen , Qinghao Zhao , Guang Shi

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents have advanced rapidly but still struggle with complex tasks involving novel UI elements, long-horizon actions, and personalized trajectories. In this work, we introduce Instruction Agent, a GUI agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yinheng Li , Hailey Hultquist , Justin Wagle , Kazuhito Koishida

We present Agent S, an open agentic framework that enables autonomous interaction with computers through a Graphical User Interface (GUI), aimed at transforming human-computer interaction by automating complex, multi-step tasks. Agent S…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Saaket Agashe , Jiuzhou Han , Shuyu Gan , Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Xin Eric Wang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents have emerged as a transformative paradigm in human-computer interaction, evolving from rule-based automation scripts to sophisticated AI-driven systems capable of understanding and executing complex…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Fei Tang , Haolei Xu , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Xingyu Wu , Yongliang Shen , Wenqi Zhang , Guiyang Hou , Zeqi Tan , Yuchen Yan , Kaitao Song , Jian Shao , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

With the advancements in hardware, software, and large language model technologies, the interaction between humans and operating systems has evolved from the command-line interface to the rapidly emerging AI agent interactions. Building an…

Building Graphical User Interface (GUI) assistants holds significant promise for enhancing human workflow productivity. While most agents are language-based, relying on closed-source API with text-rich meta-information (e.g., HTML or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Linjie Li , Difei Gao , Zhengyuan Yang , Shiwei Wu , Zechen Bai , Weixian Lei , Lijuan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou

Computer Use Agents (CUAs) can act through both atomic GUI actions, such as click and type, and high-level tool calls, such as API-based file operations, but this hybrid action space often leaves them uncertain about when to continue with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xuhao Hu , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Kyle Qiao , Jingyi Yang , Xuanjing Huang , Jing Shao , Ming Yan , Jieping Ye

Scaling generalist GUI agents is hindered by the data scalability bottleneck of expensive human demonstrations and the "distillation ceiling" of synthetic teacher supervision. To transcend these limitations, we propose UI-Oceanus, a…

Graphical user interfaces (GUI) automation agents are emerging as powerful tools, enabling humans to accomplish increasingly complex tasks on smart devices. However, users often inadvertently omit key information when conveying tasks, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ziming Cheng , Zhiyuan Huang , Junting Pan , Zhaohui Hou , Mingjie Zhan

Mobile GUI agents powered by large foundation models enable autonomous task execution, but frequent updates altering UI appearance and reorganizing workflows cause agents trained on historical data to fail. Despite surface changes,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Libo Sun , Jiwen Zhang , Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei

Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation holds significant promise for enhancing human productivity by assisting with computer tasks. Existing task formulations primarily focus on simple tasks that can be specified by a single,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Linjie Li , Difei Gao , Qinchen WU , Mingyi Yan , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou

Graphical User Interface (GUI) task automation constitutes a critical frontier in artificial intelligence research. While effective GUI agents synergistically integrate planning and grounding capabilities, current methodologies exhibit two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yuan Zhao , Hualei Zhu , Tingyu Jiang , Shen Li , Xiaohang Xu , Hao Henry Wang