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Diffusion models (DMs) are a class of generative machine learning methods that sample a target distribution by transforming samples of a trivial (often Gaussian) distribution using a learned stochastic differential equation. In standard…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-15 Luke Causer , Grant M. Rotskoff , Juan P. Garrahan

A potent class of generative models known as Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) has become prominent. A forward diffusion process adds gradually noise to data, while a model learns to gradually denoise. Sampling from pre-trained DPMs is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Martin Gonzalez , Nelson Fernandez , Thuy Tran , Elies Gherbi , Hatem Hajri , Nader Masmoudi

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have achieved considerable success in generation tasks. As sampling from DPMs is equivalent to solving diffusion SDE or ODE which is time-consuming, numerous fast sampling methods built upon improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Shuchen Xue , Mingyang Yi , Weijian Luo , Shifeng Zhang , Jiacheng Sun , Zhenguo Li , Zhi-Ming Ma

This paper introduces an approach to endow generative diffusion processes the ability to satisfy and certify compliance with constraints and physical principles. The proposed method recast the traditional sampling process of generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jacob K Christopher , Stephen Baek , Ferdinando Fioretto

This paper introduces a new approach to generating sample paths of unknown Markovian stochastic differential equations (SDEs) using diffusion models, a class of generative AI methods commonly employed in image and video applications. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xuefeng Gao , Jiale Zha , Xun Yu Zhou

Diffusion-based generative models have achieved remarkable performance across various domains, yet their practical deployment is often limited by high sampling costs. While prior work focuses on training objectives or individual solvers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Sangwoo Jo , Sungjoon Choi

Score-based diffusion models, while achieving remarkable empirical performance, often suffer from low sampling speed, due to extensive function evaluations needed during the sampling phase. Despite a flurry of recent activities towards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Gen Li , Yu Huang , Timofey Efimov , Yuting Wei , Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen

Traditional deterministic subgrid-scale (SGS) models are often dissipative and unstable, especially in regions of chaotic and turbulent flow. Ongoing work in climate science and ocean modeling motivates the use of stochastic SGS models for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Emily Williams , David Darmofal

Autoregressive models have demonstrated an unprecedented ability at modeling the intricacies of natural language. However, they continue to struggle with generating complex outputs that adhere to logical constraints. Sampling from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Kareem Ahmed , Kai-Wei Chang , Guy Van den Broeck

Diffusion models have had a profound impact on many application areas, including those where data are intrinsically infinite-dimensional, such as images or time series. The standard approach is first to discretize and then to apply…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-09 Jakiw Pidstrigach , Youssef Marzouk , Sebastian Reich , Sven Wang

Accurate forecasting of spatiotemporal data remains challenging due to complex spatial dependencies and temporal dynamics. The inherent uncertainty and variability in such data often render deterministic models insufficient, prompting a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Mingze Gong , Lei Chen , Jia Li

Diffusion and flow matching models generate high-fidelity data by simulating paths defined by Ordinary or Stochastic Differential Equations (ODEs/SDEs), starting from a tractable prior distribution. The probability flow ODE formulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Liangyu Yuan , Ruoyu Wang , Tong Zhao , Dingwen Fu , Mingkun Lei , Beier Zhu , Chi Zhang

We study the problem of training diffusion and flow generative models to sample from target distributions defined by an exponential tilting of a base density; a formulation that subsumes both sampling from unnormalized densities and reward…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-04 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Yuanqi Du , Michael S. Albergo

Generating graph-structured data requires learning the underlying distribution of graphs. Yet, this is a challenging problem, and the previous graph generative methods either fail to capture the permutation-invariance property of graphs or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Jaehyeong Jo , Seul Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

We consider the challenge of black-box optimization within hybrid discrete-continuous and variable-length spaces, a problem that arises in various applications, such as decision tree learning and symbolic regression. We propose DisCo-DSO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jacob F. Pettit , Chak Shing Lee , Jiachen Yang , Alex Ho , Daniel Faissol , Brenden Petersen , Mikel Landajuela

Despite Flow Matching and diffusion models having emerged as powerful generative paradigms for continuous variables such as images and videos, their application to high-dimensional discrete data, such as language, is still limited. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Itai Gat , Tal Remez , Neta Shaul , Felix Kreuk , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Gabriel Synnaeve , Yossi Adi , Yaron Lipman

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) or diffusions are continuous-valued continuous-time stochastic processes widely used in the applied and mathematical sciences. Simulating paths from these processes is usually an intractable problem,…

Computation · Statistics 2020-05-27 Qi Wang , Vinayak Rao , Yee Whye Teh

We present a supervised learning framework of training generative models for density estimation. Generative models, including generative adversarial networks, normalizing flows, variational auto-encoders, are usually considered as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yanfang Liu , Minglei Yang , Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have revolutionized the field of generative modeling, achieving unprecedented success in generating realistic and diverse content. Despite empirical advances, the theoretical basis for why optimizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

Diffusion models (DMs) represent state-of-the-art generative models for continuous inputs. DMs work by constructing a Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) in the input space (ie, position space), and using a neural network to reverse it.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Tianrong Chen , Jiatao Gu , Laurent Dinh , Evangelos A. Theodorou , Joshua Susskind , Shuangfei Zhai