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We present Attentive Reasoning Queries (ARQs), a novel structured reasoning approach that significantly improves instruction-following in Large Language Models through domain-specialized reasoning blueprints. While LLMs demonstrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Bar Karov , Dor Zohar , Yam Marcovitz

Large Language Models (LLMs), while being increasingly dominant on a myriad of knowledge-intensive activities, have only had limited success understanding lengthy table-text mixtures, such as academic papers and financial reports. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Yikang Pan , Yi Zhu , Rand Xie , Yizhi Liu

The transition of Large Language Models (LLMs) from passive knowledge retrievers to autonomous clinical agents demands a shift in evaluation-from static accuracy to dynamic behavioral reliability. To explore this boundary in dentistry, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hongyang Ma , Tiantian Gu , Huaiyuan Sun , Huilin Zhu , Yongxin Wang , Jie Li , Wubin Sun , Zeliang Lian , Yinghong Zhou , Yi Gao , Shirui Wang , Zhihui Tang

The rapid adoption of AI agents across domains has made systematic evaluation crucial for ensuring their usefulness and successful production deployment. Evaluation of AI agents typically involves using a fixed set of benchmarks and…

The generation of questions and answers (QA) from knowledge graphs (KG) plays a crucial role in the development and testing of educational platforms, dissemination tools, and large language models (LLM). However, existing approaches often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Sania Nayab , Marco Simoni , Giulio Rossolini , Andrea Saracino

The conventional process of building Ontologies and Knowledge Graphs (KGs) heavily relies on human domain experts to define entities and relationship types, establish hierarchies, maintain relevance to the domain, fill the ABox (or populate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Vamsi Krishna Kommineni , Birgitta König-Ries , Sheeba Samuel

Multiple choice benchmarks have long been the workhorse of language model evaluation because grading multiple choice is objective and easy to automate. However, we show multiple choice questions from popular benchmarks can often be answered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Nikhil Chandak , Shashwat Goel , Ameya Prabhu , Moritz Hardt , Jonas Geiping

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods are viable solutions for addressing the static memory limits of pre-trained language models. Nevertheless, encountering conflicting sources of information within the retrieval context is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Quang Hieu Pham , Hoang Ngo , Anh Tuan Luu , Dat Quoc Nguyen

Abstract reasoning ability reflects the intelligence and generalization capacity of LLMs to extract and apply abstract rules. However, accurately measuring this ability remains challenging: existing benchmarks either rely on expensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qingchuan Ma , Yuexiao Ma , Yongkang Xie , Tianyu Xie , Xiawu Zheng , Rongrong Ji

Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) in large language models (LLMs) is challenging because benchmarks can quickly become stale. Questions initially requiring retrieval may become answerable from pretraining knowledge as newer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Max Glockner , Xiang Jiang , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Iryna Gurevych , Markus Dreyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) are versatile, yet they often falter in tasks requiring deep and reliable reasoning due to issues like hallucinations, limiting their applicability in critical scenarios. This paper introduces a rigorously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Saizhuo Wang , Zhihan Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Jian Guo

With powerful large language models (LLMs) demonstrating superhuman reasoning capabilities, a critical question arises: Do LLMs genuinely reason, or do they merely recall answers from their extensive, web-scraped training datasets? Publicly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Haowei Lin , Xiangyu Wang , Ruilin Yan , Baizhou Huang , Haotian Ye , Jianhua Zhu , Zihao Wang , James Zou , Jianzhu Ma , Yitao Liang

This paper explores the automatic classification of exam questions and learning outcomes according to Bloom's Taxonomy. A small dataset of 600 sentences labeled with six cognitive categories - Knowledge, Comprehension, Application,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ramya Kumar , Dhruv Gulwani , Sonit Singh

We investigate whether synthetic question-answer (QA) data generated by large language models (LLMs) can serve as an effective proxy for human-labeled benchmarks when the latter is unavailable. We assess the reliability of synthetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jonas van Elburg , Peter van der Putten , Maarten Marx

Character description generation is an important capability for narrative-focused applications such as summarization, story analysis, and character-driven simulations. However, generating accurate character descriptions from long-form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Argyrios Papoudakis , Mirella Lapata , Frank Keller

Recent advancements in Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in automatic knowledge discovery. However, rigorously evaluating an AI's capacity for knowledge discovery remains a critical challenge. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chaoqun Yang , Xinyu Lin , Shulin Li , Wenjie Wang , Ruihan Guo , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua

Question answering (QA) tasks have been extensively studied in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Answers to open-ended questions are highly diverse and difficult to quantify, and cannot be simply evaluated as correct or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Xiaotian Lu , Jiyi Li , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

The utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) in analytical tasks is rooted in their vast pre-trained knowledge, which allows them to interpret ambiguous inputs and infer missing information. However, this same capability introduces a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Humam Kourani , Anton Antonov , Alessandro Berti , Wil M. P. van der Aalst

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), defined as fluent yet incorrect or incoherent outputs, pose a significant challenge to the automatic generation of educational multiple-choice questions (MCQs). We identified four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Nicholas X. Wang , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

Long-context modeling capabilities have garnered widespread attention, leading to the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) with ultra-context windows. Meanwhile, benchmarks for evaluating long-context LLMs are gradually catching up.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Minzheng Wang , Longze Chen , Cheng Fu , Shengyi Liao , Xinghua Zhang , Bingli Wu , Haiyang Yu , Nan Xu , Lei Zhang , Run Luo , Yunshui Li , Min Yang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li
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