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Deploying GRPO on Flow Matching models has proven effective for text-to-image generation. However, existing paradigms typically propagate an outcome-based reward to all preceding denoising steps without distinguishing the local effect of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yunze Tong , Mushui Liu , Canyu Zhao , Wanggui He , Shiyi Zhang , Hongwei Zhang , Peng Zhang , Jinlong Liu , Ju Huang , Jiamang Wang , Hao Jiang , Pipei Huang

The incorporation of online reinforcement learning (RL) into diffusion and flow-based generative models has recently gained attention as a powerful paradigm for aligning model behavior with human preferences. By leveraging stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yujie Zhou , Pengyang Ling , Jiazi Bu , Yibin Wang , Yuhang Zang , Jiaqi Wang , Li Niu , Guangtao Zhai

We propose Flow-GRPO, the first method to integrate online policy gradient reinforcement learning (RL) into flow matching models. Our approach uses two key strategies: (1) an ODE-to-SDE conversion that transforms a deterministic Ordinary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jie Liu , Gongye Liu , Jiajun Liang , Yangguang Li , Jiaheng Liu , Xintao Wang , Pengfei Wan , Di Zhang , Wanli Ouyang

Recent reinforcement learning has enhanced the flow matching models on human preference alignment. While stochastic sampling enables the exploration of denoising directions, existing methods which optimize over multiple denoising steps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Shengjun Zhang , Zhang Zhang , Chensheng Dai , Yueqi Duan

Recent progress in aligning image and video generative models with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has improved human preference alignment, but existing variants remain inefficient due to sequential rollouts and large numbers of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuming Li , Yikai Wang , Yuying Zhu , Zhongyu Zhao , Ming Lu , Qi She , Shanghang Zhang

Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of directly aligning diffusion models with human preferences using differentiable reward. However, they exhibit two primary challenges: (1) they rely on multistep denoising with gradient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Xiangwei Shen , Zhimin Li , Zhantao Yang , Shiyi Zhang , Yingfang Zhang , Donghao Li , Chunyu Wang , Qinglin Lu , Yansong Tang

Few-step diffusion models enable efficient high-resolution image synthesis but struggle to align with specific downstream objectives due to limitations of existing reinforcement learning (RL) methods in low-step regimes with limited state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ziyi Zhang , Li Shen , Sen Zhang , Deheng Ye , Yong Luo , Miaojing Shi , Dongjing Shan , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Recent advancements in flow-matching have enabled high-quality text-to-image generation. However, the deterministic nature of flow-matching models makes them poorly suited for reinforcement learning, a key tool for improving image quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Benjamin Yu , Jackie Liu , Justin Cui

Recent advances in flow matching models, particularly with reinforcement learning (RL), have significantly enhanced human preference alignment in few step text to image generators. However, existing RL based approaches for flow matching…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhixiong Yue , Zixuan Ni , Feiyang Ye , Jinshan Zhang , Sheng Shen , Zhenpeng Mi

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as a powerful framework for preference alignment in text-to-image (T2I) flow models. However, we observe that the standard paradigm where evaluating a group of generated samples against…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jiazi Bu , Pengyang Ling , Yujie Zhou , Yibin Wang , Yuhang Zang , Tianyi Wei , Xiaohang Zhan , Jiaqi Wang , Tong Wu , Xingang Pan , Dahua Lin

Although GRPO substantially enhances flow matching models in human preference alignment of image generation, methods such as FlowGRPO and DanceGRPO still exhibit inefficiency due to the necessity of sampling and optimizing over all…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Junzhe Li , Yutao Cui , Tao Huang , Yinping Ma , Chun Fan , Yiming Cheng , Miles Yang , Zhao Zhong , Liefeng Bo

Recent flow matching models for text-to-image generation have achieved remarkable quality, yet their integration with reinforcement learning for human preference alignment remains suboptimal, hindering fine-grained reward-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Xiaoxuan He , Siming Fu , Yuke Zhao , Wanli Li , Jian Yang , Dacheng Yin , Fengyun Rao , Bo Zhang

Instruction-based image editing with diffusion models has achieved impressive results, yet existing methods struggle with fine-grained instructions specifying precise attributes such as colors, positions, and quantities. While recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yan Li , Lin Liu , Xiaopeng Zhang , Wei Xue , Wenhan Luo , Yike Guo , Qi Tian

Current mainstream methods of aligning diffusion models with human preferences typically employ VLM-based reward models. However, these reward models, pre-trained for semantic alignment, struggle to capture the essential perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jaxon Zhang , Binxin Yang , Hubery Yin , Chen Li , Jing Lyu

Discrete diffusion models have demonstrated great promise in modeling various sequence data, ranging from human language to biological sequences. Inspired by the success of RL in language models, there is growing interest in further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiaqi Han , Austin Wang , Minkai Xu , Wenda Chu , Meihua Dang , Haotian Ye , Huayu Chen , Yisong Yue , Stefano Ermon

Flow-GRPO successfully applies reinforcement learning to flow models, but uses uniform credit assignment across all steps. This ignores the temporal structure of diffusion generation: early steps determine composition and content…

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has proven highly effective in enhancing the alignment capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current adaptations of GRPO for the flow matching-based image generation neglect a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yawen Shao , Jie Xiao , Kai Zhu , Yu Liu , Wei Zhai , Yang Cao , Zheng-Jun Zha

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) diffusion model fine-tuning leverage reinforcement learning (RL) to align generated images with learnable reward functions. The existing approaches reformulate denoising as a Markov decision process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xinyao Liao , Wei Wei , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng

Generative speech enhancement offers a promising alternative to traditional discriminative methods by modeling the distribution of clean speech conditioned on noisy inputs. Post-training alignment via reinforcement learning (RL) effectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Haoxu Wang , Biao Tian , Yiheng Jiang , Zexu Pan , Shengkui Zhao , Bin Ma , Daren Chen , Xiangang Li

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has recently been applied as a post-training technique for text-to-video diffusion models. To obtain training data, annotators are asked to provide preferences between two videos generated from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ziyi Wu , Anil Kag , Ivan Skorokhodov , Willi Menapace , Ashkan Mirzaei , Igor Gilitschenski , Sergey Tulyakov , Aliaksandr Siarohin
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