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Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success on various tasks and fields that require relational modeling. GNNs aggregate node features using the graph structure as inductive biases resulting in flexible and powerful models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Mandeep Rathee , Zijian Zhang , Thorben Funke , Megha Khosla , Avishek Anand

We give an algorithm for augmenting the edge connectivity of an undirected graph by using the isolating cuts framework (Li and Panigrahi, FOCS '20). Our algorithm uses poly-logarithmic calls to any max-flow algorithm, which yields a running…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Ruoxu Cen , Jason Li , Debmalya Panigrahi

Network (or graph) sparsification compresses a graph by removing inessential edges. By reducing the data volume, it accelerates or even facilitates many downstream analyses. Still, the accuracy of many sparsification methods, with…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Zhen Su , Jürgen Kurths , Henning Meyerhenke

We present a data structure that can maintain a simple planar graph under edge contractions in linear total time. The data structure supports adjacency queries and provides access to neighbor lists in $O(1)$ time. Moreover, it can report…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Jacob Holm , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Adam Karczmarz , Jakub Łącki , Eva Rotenberg , Piotr Sankowski

A popular model to measure network stability is the $k$-core, that is the maximal induced subgraph in which every vertex has degree at least $k$. For example, $k$-cores are commonly used to model the unraveling phenomena in social networks.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Fedor V. Fomin , Danil Sagunov , Kirill Simonov

We present a dynamic data structure representing a graph G, which allows addition and removal of edges from G and can determine the number of appearances of a graph of a bounded size as an induced subgraph of G. The queries are answered in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-01-04 Zdenek Dvorak , Vojtech Tuma

A $k$-fault-tolerant connectivity preserver of a directed $n$-vertex graph $G$ is a subgraph $H$ such that, for any edge set $F \subseteq E(G)$ of size $|F| \le k$, the strongly connected components of $G - F$ and $H - F$ are the same.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Gary Hoppenworth , Thatchaphol Saranurak , Benyu Wang

In the Survivable Network Design Problem (SNDP), the input is an edge-weighted (di)graph $G$ and an integer $r_{uv}$ for every pair of vertices $u,v\in V(G)$. The objective is to construct a subgraph $H$ of minimum weight which contains…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Manu Basavaraju , Pranabendu Misra , M. S. Ramanujan , Saket Saurabh

Reliability evaluation and fault tolerance of an interconnection network of some parallel and distributed systems are discussed separately under various link-faulty hypotheses in terms of different $\mathcal{P}$-conditional…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-25 Mingzu Zhang , Zhaoxia Tian , Lianzhu Zhang

Effectively preserving both the structural and dynamical properties during the reduction of complex networks remains a significant research topic. Existing network reduction methods based on renormalization group or sampling often face…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Dan Chen , Housheng Su , Yong Wang , Jie Liu

We present a deterministic fully-dynamic data structure for maintaining information about the cut-vertices in a graph; i.e. the vertices whose removal would disconnect the graph. Our data structure supports insertion and deletion of edges,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Jacob Holm , Wojciech Nadara , Eva Rotenberg , Marek Sokołowski

A non-trivial minimum cut (NMC) sparsifier is a multigraph $\hat{G}$ that preserves all non-trivial minimum cuts of a given undirected graph $G$. We introduce a flexible data structure for fully dynamic graphs that can efficiently provide…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Monika Henzinger , Evangelos Kosinas , Robin Münk , Harald Räcke

Connectivity related concepts are of fundamental interest in graph theory. The area has received extensive attention over four decades, but many problems remain unsolved, especially for directed graphs. A directed graph is 2-edge-connected…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Shiri Chechik , Thomas Dueholm Hansen , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Veronika Loitzenbauer , Nikos Parotsidis

We address the problem of testing whether a given dynamic graph is temporally connected, {\it i.e} a temporal path (also called a {\em journey}) exists between all pairs of vertices. We consider a discrete version of the problem, where the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-08-06 Matthieu Barjon , Arnaud Casteigts , Serge Chaumette , Colette Johnen , Yessin M. Neggaz

There has been a surge of interest in spectral hypergraph sparsification, a natural generalization of spectral sparsification for graphs. In this paper, we present a simple fully dynamic algorithm for maintaining spectral hypergraph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Sebastian Forster , Gramoz Goranci , Ali Momeni

Motivated by applications to graph morphing, we consider the following \emph{compatible connectivity-augmentation problem}: We are given a labelled $n$-vertex planar graph, $\mathcal{G}$, that has $r\ge 2$ connected components, and $k\ge 2$…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Greg Aloupis , Luis Barba , Paz Carmi , Vida Dujmović , Fabrizio Frati , Pat Morin

A cut tree (or Gomory-Hu tree) of an undirected weighted graph G=(V,E) encodes a minimum s-t-cut for each vertex pair {s,t} \subseteq V and can be iteratively constructed by n-1 maximum flow computations. They solve the multiterminal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-02 Tanja Hartmann , Dorothea Wagner

Whether a graph $G=(V,E)$ is connected is arguably its most fundamental property. Naturally, connectivity was the first characteristic studied for dynamic graphs, i.e. graphs that undergo edge insertions and deletions. While connectivity…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Simon Meierhans , Maximilian Probst Gutenberg

The \emph{maximal $k$-edge-connected subgraphs} problem is a classical graph clustering problem studied since the 70's. Surprisingly, no non-trivial technique for this problem in weighted graphs is known: a very straightforward…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Chaitanya Nalam , Thatchaphol Saranurak

In the minimum $k$-cut problem, we want to find the minimum number of edges whose deletion breaks the input graph into at least $k$ connected components. The classic algorithm of Karger and Stein runs in $\tilde O(n^{2k-2})$ time, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Zhiyang He , Jason Li