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Traditional quantum circuit optimization is performed directly at the circuit level. Alternatively, a quantum circuit can be translated to a ZX-diagram which can be simplified using the rules of the ZX-calculus, after which a simplified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-16 Ryan Krueger

We present a completely new approach to quantum circuit optimisation, based on the ZX-calculus. We first interpret quantum circuits as ZX-diagrams, which provide a flexible, lower-level language for describing quantum computations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Ross Duncan , Aleks Kissinger , Simon Perdrix , John van de Wetering

The ZX-calculus is a graphical language for reasoning about quantum computation using ZX-diagrams, a certain flexible generalisation of quantum circuits that can be used to represent linear maps from $m$ to $n$ qubits for any $m,n \geq 0$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Niel de Beaudrap , Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering

Quantum computers allow a near-exponential speed-up for specific applications when compared to classical computers. Despite recent advances in the hardware of quantum computers, their practical usage is still severely limited due to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Tobias Fischbach , Pierre Talbot , Pascal Bouvry

Diagrammatic representations of quantum algorithms and circuits offer novel approaches to their design and analysis. In this work, we describe extensions of the ZX-calculus especially suitable for parameterized quantum circuits, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Tobias Stollenwerk , Stuart Hadfield

We present a complete optimization procedure for hybrid quantum-classical circuits with classical parity logic. While common optimization techniques for quantum algorithms focus on rewriting solely the pure quantum segments, there is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Agustín Borgna , Simon Perdrix , Benoît Valiron

Quantum computing is an emerging technology in which quantum mechanical properties are suitably utilized to perform certain compute-intensive operations faster than classical computers. Quantum algorithms are designed as a combination of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Aravind Joshi , Akshara Kairali , Renju Raju , Adithya Athreya , Reena Monica P , Sanjay Vishwakarma , Srinjoy Ganguly

Quantum circuit optimization - the process of transforming a quantum circuit into an equivalent one with reduced time and space requirements - is crucial for maximizing the utility of current and near-future quantum devices. While most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Marcin Szyniszewski , Aleks Kissinger , Noah Linden , Paul Skrzypczyk

This article presents a novel algorithmic methodology for performing automated diagrammatic deductions over combinatorial structures, using a combination of modified equational theorem-proving techniques and the extended Wolfram model…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Jonathan Gorard , Manojna Namuduri , Xerxes D. Arsiwalla

We introduce a novel method for strong classical simulation of quantum circuits based on optimally k-partitioning ZX-diagrams, reducing each part individually, and then efficiently cross-referencing their results to conclude the overall…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Matthew Sutcliffe

Qubit Mapping is a critical task in Quantum Compilation, as modern Quantum Processing Units (QPUs) are constrained to nearest-neighbor interactions defined by a qubit coupling graph. This compiler pass repairs the connectivity of two-qubit…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Marouane Benbetka , Merwan Bekkar , Riyadh Baghdadi , Martin Kong

Quantum circuit cutting refers to a series of techniques that allow one to partition a quantum computation on a large quantum computer into several quantum computations on smaller devices. This usually comes at the price of a sampling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Marco Schumann , Tobias Stollenwerk , Alessandro Ciani

We present tools and methods to generalize parity compilation to digital quantum computing devices with arbitrary connectivity graphs and construct circuit implementations for the constraint Hamiltonian of higher-order constrained binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Roeland ter Hoeven , Anette Messinger , Wolfgang Lechner

Quantum computing is currently strongly limited by the impact of noise, in particular introduced by the application of two-qubit gates. For this reason, reducing the number of two-qubit gates is of paramount importance on noisy…

A critical step in quantum compilation is the transformation of a technology-independent quantum circuit into a technology-dependent form for a targeted device. In addition to mapping quantum gates into the supported gate set, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-04 Kaitlin Smith , Mathias Soeken , Bruno Schmitt , Giovanni De Micheli , Mitchell Thornton

Circuit knitting emerges as a promising technique to overcome the limitation of the few physical qubits in near-term quantum hardware by cutting large quantum circuits into smaller subcircuits. Recent research in this area has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Xiangyu Ren , Mengyu Zhang , Antonio Barbalace

In this paper, we introduce a technique for contracting (i.e. numerically evaluating) ZX-diagrams whose complexity scales with their rank-width, a graph parameter that behaves nicely under ZX rewrite rules. Given a rank-decomposition of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Fedor Kuyanov , Aleks Kissinger

Quantum computing promises significant speed-ups for certain algorithms but the practical use of current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era computers remains limited by resources constraints (e.g., noise, qubits, gates, and circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Tobias Fischbach , Pierre Talbot , Pascal Bouvry

Quantum computing based on Neutral Atoms (NAs) provides a wide range of computational capabilities, encompassing high-fidelity long-range interactions with native multi-qubit gates, and the ability to shuttle arrays of qubits. While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Ludwig Schmid , Sunghye Park , Seokhyeong Kang , Robert Wille

Decoding a quantum error correction code is generally NP-hard, but corrections must be applied at a high frequency to suppress noise successfully. Matchable codes, like the surface code, exhibit a special structure that makes it possible to…

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