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Learning effective reinforcement learning (RL) policies to solve real-world complex tasks can be quite challenging without a high-fidelity simulation environment. In most cases, we are only given imperfect simulators with simplified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Haoyi Niu , Shubham Sharma , Yiwen Qiu , Ming Li , Guyue Zhou , Jianming Hu , Xianyuan Zhan

Digital human recommendation system has been developed to help customers find their favorite products and is playing an active role in various recommendation contexts. How to timely catch and learn the dynamics of the preferences of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Xiong Junwu , Xiaoyun Feng , YunZhou Shi , James Zhang , Zhongzhou Zhao , Wei Zhou

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) provides a promising solution for complex tasks with sparse rewards of intelligent agents, which uses a hierarchical framework that divides tasks into subgoals and completes them sequentially.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Xinglin Zhou , Yifu Yuan , Shaofu Yang , Jianye Hao

Given a limited labeling budget, active learning (AL) aims to sample the most informative instances from an unlabeled pool to acquire labels for subsequent model training. To achieve this, AL typically measures the informativeness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Cheng Chen , Yong Wang , Lizi Liao , Yueguo Chen , Xiaoyong Du

Hierarchies of temporally decoupled policies present a promising approach for enabling structured exploration in complex long-term planning problems. To fully achieve this approach an end-to-end training paradigm is needed. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Abdul Rahman Kreidieh , Glen Berseth , Brandon Trabucco , Samyak Parajuli , Sergey Levine , Alexandre M. Bayen

We study the problem of reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), a critical problem in training large language models, from a theoretical perspective. Our main contribution is the design of novel sample-efficient RLHF algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Han Qi , Haochen Yang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Zhuoran Yang

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) is well-suitedd for solving complex tasks by breaking them down into structured policies. However, HRL agents often struggle with efficient exploration and quick adaptation. To overcome these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Arash Khajooeinejad , Fatemeh Sadat Masoumi , Masoumeh Chapariniya

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) methods are succeeding in a growing number of tasks, aided by recent advances in deep learning. However, they tend to suffer from high sample complexity, which hinders their use in real-world domains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Thanard Kurutach , Ignasi Clavera , Yan Duan , Aviv Tamar , Pieter Abbeel

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become a key factor in aligning model behavior with users' goals. However, while humans integrate multiple strategies when making decisions, current RLHF approaches often simplify this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Mingkang Wu , Devin White , Evelyn Rose , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

Humans are experts in physical collaboration by leveraging cognitive abilities such as perception, reasoning, and decision-making to regulate compliance behaviors based on their partners' states and task requirements. Equipping robots with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chenzui Li , Xi Wu , Yiming Chen , Tao Teng , Xuefeng Zhang , Sylvain Calinon , Darwin Caldwell , Fei Chen

Online Reinforcement learning (RL) typically requires high-stakes online interaction data to learn a policy for a target task. This prompts interest in leveraging historical data to improve sample efficiency. The historical data may come…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chengrui Qu , Laixi Shi , Kishan Panaganti , Pengcheng You , Adam Wierman

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms require large amounts of experience to learn an individual task. While in principle meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) algorithms enable agents to learn new skills from small amounts of experience,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Kate Rakelly , Aurick Zhou , Deirdre Quillen , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

The long-tailed distribution of sequence lengths in LLM serving and reinforcement learning (RL) sampling causes significant computational waste due to excessive padding in batched inference. Existing methods rely on auxiliary models for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Huanyi Xie , Yubin Chen , Liangyu Wang , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

Building assistive interfaces for controlling robots through arbitrary, high-dimensional, noisy inputs (e.g., webcam images of eye gaze) can be challenging, especially when it involves inferring the user's desired action in the absence of a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Sean Chen , Jensen Gao , Siddharth Reddy , Glen Berseth , Anca D. Dragan , Sergey Levine

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) helps address large-scale and sparse reward issues in reinforcement learning. In HRL, the policy model has an inner representation structured in levels. With this structure, the reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Wen-Ji Zhou , Yang Yu

The recent success of reinforcement learning's (RL) in solving complex tasks is most often attributed to its capacity to explore and exploit an environment where it has been trained. Sample efficiency is usually not an issue since cheap…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Govardana Sachithanandam Ramachandran , Kazuma Hashimoto , Caiming Xiong

Recently, Agentic Reinforcement Learning (Agentic RL) has made significant progress in incentivizing the multi-turn, long-horizon tool-use capabilities of web agents. While mainstream agentic RL algorithms autonomously explore…

Implementing systems based on Machine Learning to detect fraud and other Non-Technical Losses (NTL) is challenging: the data available is biased, and the algorithms currently used are black-boxes that cannot be either easily trusted or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Bernat Coma-Puig , Josep Carmona

We propose a model-based reinforcement learning (RL) approach for noisy time-dependent gate optimization with improved sample complexity over model-free RL. Sample complexity is the number of controller interactions with the physical…

Aligning robot behavior with human preferences is crucial for deploying embodied AI agents in human-centered environments. A promising solution is interactive imitation learning from human intervention, where a human expert observes the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yuxin Chen , Chen Tang , Jianglan Wei , Chenran Li , Ran Tian , Xiang Zhang , Wei Zhan , Peter Stone , Masayoshi Tomizuka