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Assertion-Based Verification (ABV) is a crucial method for ensuring that logic designs conform to their architectural specifications. However, existing assertion generation methods primarily rely on information either from the design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yonghao Wang , Jiaxin Zhou , Hongqin Lyu , Zhiteng Chao , Tiancheng Wang , Huawei Li

Assertion-based verification (ABV) serves as a crucial technique for ensuring that register-transfer level (RTL) designs adhere to their specifications. While Large Language Model (LLM) aided assertion generation approaches have recently…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hongqin Lyu , Yonghao Wang , Yunlin Du , Mingyu Shi , Zhiteng Chao , Wenxing Li , Tiancheng Wang , Huawei Li

Recent advancements in the field of reasoning using Large Language Models (LLMs) have created new possibilities for more complex and automatic Hardware Assertion Generation techniques. This paper introduces SANGAM, a SystemVerilog Assertion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Adarsh Gupta , Bhabesh Mali , Chandan Karfa

System Verilog Assertion (SVA) formulation -- a critical yet complex task is a prerequisite in the Assertion Based Verification (ABV) process. Traditionally, SVA formulation involves expert-driven interpretation of specifications, which is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Bhabesh Mali , Karthik Maddala , Vatsal Gupta , Sweeya Reddy , Chandan Karfa , Ramesh Karri

Virtually all verification techniques using formal methods rely on the availability of a formal specification, which describes the design requirements precisely. However, formulating specifications remains a manual task that is notoriously…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Daniel Neider , Rajarshi Roy

RTL implementations frequently lack up-to-date or consistent specifications, making comprehension, maintenance, and verification costly and error-prone. While prior work has explored generating specifications from RTL using large language…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Fu-Chieh Chang , Yu-Hsin Yang , Hung-Ming Huang , Yun-Chia Hsu , Yin-Yu Lin , Ming-Fang Tsai , Chun-Chih Yang , Pei-Yuan Wu

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is a cornerstone of modern hardware design, yet manually translating design intent into formal SystemVerilog Assertions (SVAs) remains labor-intensive and error-prone. While Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuchao Wu , Wenji Fang , Jing Wang , Wenkai Li , Ziyan Guo , Zhiyao Xie

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is a key approach to checking whether a logic design complies with its architectural specifications. Existing assertion generation methods based on design specifications typically produce only top-level…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Hongqin Lyu , Yonghao Wang , Jiaxin Zhou , Zhiteng Chao , Tiancheng Wang , Huawei Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in automating hardware synthesis, yet substantial barriers remain for industrial-scale, datapath-centric designs due to ambiguous specifications and a lack of formal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Kezhi Li , Min Li , Xiangyu Wen , Shibo Zhao , Jieying Wu , Junhua Huang , Qiang Xu

Standard Verification Rule Format (SVRF) is essential for semiconductor applications like Design Rule Check (DRC), Layout Versus Schematic (LVS), and Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) and it faces challenges as advancing nodes create…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Abanoub E. Abdelmalak , Mohamed A. Elsayed , David Abercrombie , Ilhami Torunoglu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are becoming the cornerstone of high-level reasoning for robotic automation, enabling robots to parse natural language commands and perceive their environments. However, their susceptibility to hallucinations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Weicong Ni , Tianbao Jiang , Linlin Wang

Functional verification has become the most time-consuming phase in IC development, and Assertion-Based Verification (ABV) is key to reducing debugging time. However, existing LLM-based assertion generation methods typically pursue…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yonghao Wang , Hongqin Lyu , Boling Chen , MinYang Bao , Wenchao Ding , Feng Gu , Zhiteng Chao , Jianan Mu , Kan Shi , Tiancheng Wang , Huawei Li

SystemVerilog Assertions (SVAs) are crucial for hardware verification. Recent studies leverage general-purpose LLMs to translate natural language properties to SVAs (NL2SVA), but they perform poorly due to limited data. We propose a data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yutong Wu , Chenrui Cao , Pengwei Jin , Di Huang , Rui Zhang , Xishan Zhang , Zidong Du , Qi Guo , Xing Hu

Increasing design complexity driven by feature and performance requirements and the Time to Market (TTM) constraints force a faster design and validation closure. This in turn enforces novel ways of identifying and debugging behavioral…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-07-24 M V Achutha Kiran Kumar , Aarti Gupta , S S Bindumadhava

Answering real-world complex queries, such as complex product search, often requires accurate retrieval from semi-structured knowledge bases that involve blend of unstructured (e.g., textual descriptions of products) and structured (e.g.,…

Verification is one of the central tasks in circuit and system design. While simulation and emulation are widely used, complete correctness can only be ensured based on formal proof techniques. But these approaches often have very high run…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rolf Drechsler

Fact verification (FV) aims to assess the veracity of a claim based on relevant evidence. The traditional approach for automated FV includes a three-part pipeline relying on short evidence snippets and encoder-only inference models. More…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Juraj Vladika , Ivana Hacajová , Florian Matthes

Ensuring the security of modern System-on-Chip (SoC) designs poses significant challenges due to increasing complexity and distributed assets across the intellectual property (IP) blocks. Formal property verification (FPV) provides the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Dinesh Reddy Ankireddy , Sudipta Paria , Aritra Dasgupta , Sandip Ray , Swarup Bhunia

I/O performance is crucial to efficiency in data-intensive scientific computing; but tuning large-scale storage systems is complex, costly, and notoriously manpower-intensive, making it inaccessible for most domain scientists. To address…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Chris Egersdoerfer , Philip Carns , Shane Snyder , Robert Ross , Dong Dai

The security of computer systems typically relies on a hardware root of trust. As vulnerabilities in hardware can have severe implications on a system, there is a need for techniques to support security verification activities.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Rahul Kande , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Shailja Thakur , Ramesh Karri , Jeyavijayan Rajendran