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Combining the visual modality with pretrained language models has been surprisingly effective for simple descriptive tasks such as image captioning. More general text generation however remains elusive. We take a step back and ask: How do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Shruti Palaskar , Akshita Bhagia , Yonatan Bisk , Florian Metze , Alan W Black , Ana Marasović

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning abilities in literal multimodal tasks such as visual mathematics and science question answering. However, figurative language, such as sarcasm, humor, and metaphor, remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Seyyed Saeid Cheshmi , Hahnemann Ortiz , James Mooney , Dongyeop Kang

Recently, the introduction of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has largely improved the generation ability of unified models. However, it is observed that the current thinking process during generation mainly focuses on the text consistency with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zixuan Ye , Quande Liu , Cong Wei , Yuanxing Zhang , Xintao Wang , Pengfei Wan , Kun Gai , Wenhan Luo

In the field of multimodal chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, existing approaches predominantly rely on reasoning on pure language space, which inherently suffers from language bias and is largely confined to math or science domains. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jiacong Wang , Zijian Kang , Haochen Wang , Haiyong Jiang , Jiawen Li , Bohong Wu , Ya Wang , Jiao Ran , Xiao Liang , Chao Feng , Jun Xiao

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Humans understand the world through the integration of multiple sensory modalities, enabling them to perceive, reason about, and imagine dynamic physical processes. Inspired by this capability, multimodal foundation models (MFMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xuehai He

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) aim to integrate multimodal understanding and generation within a unified architecture, yet it remains unclear to what extent their representations are truly aligned across modalities. To investigate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Cheng Yang , Chufan Shi , Bo Shui , Yaokang Wu , Muzi Tao , Huijuan Wang , Ivan Yee Lee , Yong Liu , Xuezhe Ma , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Recent advances in visual generation have increasingly explored the integration of reasoning capabilities. They incorporate textual reasoning, i.e., think, either before (as pre-planning) or after (as post-refinement) the generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Ziyu Guo , Renrui Zhang , Hongyu Li , Manyuan Zhang , Xinyan Chen , Sifan Wang , Yan Feng , Peng Pei , Pheng-Ann Heng

Recent advances in vision language models (VLMs) offer reasoning capabilities, yet how these unfold and integrate visual and textual information remains unclear. We analyze reasoning dynamics in 18 VLMs covering instruction-tuned and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Danae Sánchez Villegas , Samuel Lewis-Lim , Nikolaos Aletras , Desmond Elliott

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that integrate visual and textual reasoning leverage chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to tackle complex visual tasks, yet continue to exhibit visual hallucinations and an over-reliance on textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jing Bi , Guangyu Sun , Ali Vosoughi , Chen Chen , Chenliang Xu

By extending the advantage of chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning in human-like step-by-step processes to multimodal contexts, multimodal CoT (MCoT) reasoning has recently garnered significant research attention, especially in the integration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yaoting Wang , Shengqiong Wu , Yuecheng Zhang , Shuicheng Yan , Ziwei Liu , Jiebo Luo , Hao Fei

Cross-view spatial reasoning remains a weak spot for vision-language models (VLMs): they often reason in language and lose the fine-grained geometry needed for the task. Thinking with images aims to address this by generating an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qian Yang , Ankur Sikarwar , Huy Le , Le Zhang , Zhuan Shi , Perouz Taslakian , Aishwarya Agrawal

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive performance in language comprehension and various reasoning tasks. However, their abilities in spatial reasoning, a crucial aspect of human cognition, remain relatively unexplored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Wenshan Wu , Shaoguang Mao , Yadong Zhang , Yan Xia , Li Dong , Lei Cui , Furu Wei

The "thinking with images" paradigm represents a pivotal shift in the reasoning of Vision Language Models (VLMs), moving from text-dominant chain-of-thought to image-interactive reasoning. By invoking visual tools or generating intermediate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chi Zhang , Haibo Qiu , Qiming Zhang , Zhixiong Zeng , Lin Ma , Jing Zhang

Human reasoning relies on constructing and manipulating mental models -- simplified internal representations of situations used to understand and solve problems. Conceptual diagrams (e.g., a sketch drawn to aid reasoning) externalize these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , Roei Herzig , Eduard Oks , Trevor Darrell , Rogerio Feris , Leonid Karlinsky

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel at multimodal understanding, yet their text-only decoding forces them to verbalize visual reasoning, limiting performance on tasks that demand visual imagination. Recent attempts train VLMs to render…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zeyuan Yang , Xueyang Yu , Delin Chen , Maohao Shen , Chuang Gan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced the integration of visual and linguistic modalities, establishing themselves as the dominant paradigm for visual-language tasks. Current approaches like chain of thought (CoT) reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Haojie Zheng , Tianyang Xu , Hanchi Sun , Shu Pu , Ruoxi Chen , Lichao Sun

Video understanding plays a vital role in bridging low-level visual signals with high-level cognitive reasoning, and is fundamental to applications such as autonomous driving, embodied AI, and the broader pursuit of AGI. The rapid…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yongheng Zhang , Xu Liu , Ruihan Tao , Qiguang Chen , Hao Fei , Wanxiang Che , Libo Qin

The ability to perform Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning marks a major milestone for multimodal models (MMs), enabling them to solve complex visual reasoning problems. Yet a critical question remains: is such reasoning genuinely grounded in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jusheng Zhang , Kaitong Cai , Xiaoyang Guo , Sidi Liu , Qinhan Lv , Ruiqi Chen , Jing Yang , Yijia Fan , Xiaofei Sun , Jian Wang , Ziliang Chen , Liang Lin , Keze Wang

Recent advancements in deep learning have led to the development of powerful language models (LMs) that excel in various tasks. Despite these achievements, there is still room for improvement, particularly in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Abhinav Arun , Dipendra Singh Mal , Mehul Soni , Tomohiro Sawada