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Spatial search occurs in a connected graph if a continuous-time quantum walk on the adjacency matrix of the graph, suitably scaled, plus a rank-one perturbation induced by any vertex will unitarily map the principal eigenvector of the graph…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-05 Ada Chan , Chris Godsil , Christino Tamon , Weichen Xie

In a graph, we assign distinct integers to the vertices, and take the sum of two integers if they are on two adjacent vertices. The minimum possible number of different sums is the \emph{sum index} of this graph. In this paper, we present…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Dheer Noal Desai , Runze Wang

In this survey paper, we present open problems and conjectures on visibility graphs of points, segments and polygons along with necessary backgrounds for understanding them.

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Subir Kumar Ghosh , Partha Pratim Goswami

If $G$ is a graph and $X\subseteq V(G)$, then $X$ is a total mutual-visibility set if every pair of vertices $x$ and $y$ of $G$ admits a shortest $x,y$-path $P$ with $V(P) \cap X \subseteq \{x,y\}$. The cardinality of a largest total…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Csilla Bujtás , Sandi Klavžar , Jing Tian

We study the size of the shadow of $k$-uniform hypergraphs with bounded degree. Lower bounds on the ratio of the size of the shadow and the size of the hypergraph are given as a function of the degree bound and $k$. We show that cliques are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-08 Attila Jung

We explore the characteristics of shadows for a general class of spherically symmetric, static spacetimes, which may arise in general relativity or in modified theories of gravity. The chosen line element involves a sum (with constant but…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-19 Md. Golam Mafuz , Rishank Diwan , Soumya Jana , Sayan Kar

The concept of mutual visibility in a graph encodes combinatorial information about vertex subsets with prescribed visibility properties and serves as a useful algebraic invariant. In this paper, we derive algebraic conditions for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Tonny K B , Shikhi M

This paper establishes an upper bound on the number of generalized cospectral mates of simple graphs, where the generalized spectrum consists of the spectrum of a graph and its complement. Moving beyond the classical problem of identifying…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Muhammad Raza , Obaid Ullah Ahmad , Mudassir Shabbir , Waseem Abbas

Without imposing restrictions on a weighted graph's arc lengths, symmetry structures cannot be expected. But, they exist. To find them, the graphs are decomposed into a component that dictates all closed path properties (e.g., shortest and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-27 Donald Saari

We show that shadowing is a generic property among continuous maps and surjections on a large class of locally connected one-dimensional continua.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Jonathan Meddaugh

Visibility graph of a polygon corresponds to its internal diagonals and boundary edges. For each vertex on the boundary of the polygon, we have a vertex in this graph and if two vertices of the polygon see each other there is an edge…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Hossein Boomari , Mojtaba Ostovari , Alireza Zarei

An \emph{obstacle representation} of a graph consists of a set of polygonal obstacles and a distinct point for each vertex such that two points see each other if and only if the corresponding vertices are adjacent. Obstacle representations…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-06-14 Alexander Koch , Marcus Krug , Ignaz Rutter

A vertex subset $S$ of a graph $G$ is a general position set of $G$ if no vertex of $S$ lies on a geodesic between two other vertices of $S$. The cardinality of a largest general position set of $G$ is the general position number ${\rm…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-17 Bijo S. Anand , Ullas Chandran S. V. , Manoj Changat , Sandi Klavžar , Elias John Thomas

A \emph{sparsification} of a given graph $G$ is a sparser graph (typically a subgraph) which aims to approximate or preserve some property of $G$. Examples of sparsifications include but are not limited to spanning trees, Steiner trees,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Reyan Ahmed , Keaton Hamm , Stephen Kobourov , Mohammad Javad Latifi Jebelli , Faryad Darabi Sahneh , Richard Spence

A vertex subset $S$ of a graph $G$ is a general position set of $G$ if no vertex of $S$ lies on a geodesic between two other vertices of $S$. The cardinality of a largest general position set of $G$ is the general position number…

The main goal of the paper is to solve some problems about shadow for the sphere generalized on the case of the ellipsoid. Here, the essence of the problem is to find the the minimal number of non-overlapping balls with centers on the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2015-10-09 Tetyana Osipchuk , Maxim Tkachuk

In this paper, we study the Maximum Common Vertex Subgraph problem: Given two input graphs $G_1,G_2$ and a non-negative integer $h$, is there a common subgraph $H$ on at least $h$ vertices such that there is no isolated vertex in $H$. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Palash Dey , Anubhav Dhar , Ashlesha Hota , Sudeshna Kolay , Aritra Mitra

The problem of shadow is solved. It is equivalent to condition for point is in generalized convex hull of a family of compact sets.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2015-01-29 Yurii Zelinskii , Irina Vyhovska , Maria Stefanchuk

The average distance of a vertex $v$ of a connected graph $G$ is the arithmetic mean of the distances from $v$ to all other vertices of $G$. The proximity $\pi(G)$ and the remoteness $\rho(G)$ of $G$ are the minimum and the maximum of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Peter Dankelmann , Sonwabile Mafunda , Sufiyan Mallu

The concept of mutual-visibility (MV) has been extended in several directions. A vertex subset $S$ of a graph $G$ is a $k$-distance mutual-visibility ($k$DMV) set if for any two vertices in $S$, there is a geodesic between them of length at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Saneesh Babu , Boštjan Brešar , Aparna Lakshmanan S , Babak Samadi