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Automation of Register Transfer Level (RTL) design can help developers meet increasing computational demands. Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for Hardware Description Language (HDL) generation, but face challenges due to limited…

We present the Comprehensive Verilog Design Problems (CVDP) benchmark, a new dataset and infrastructure to advance LLM and agent research in hardware design and verification. CVDP includes 783 problems across 13 task categories, covering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Nathaniel Pinckney , Chenhui Deng , Chia-Tung Ho , Yun-Da Tsai , Mingjie Liu , Wenfei Zhou , Brucek Khailany , Haoxing Ren

The rapid adoption of large language models(LLMs) in hardware design has primarily focused on generating functionally correct Verilog code, overlooking critical Power Performance-Area(PPA) metrics essential for industrial-grade designs. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Kimia Tasnia , Alexander Garcia , Tasnuva Farheen , Sazadur Rahman

Generating synthesizable Verilog for large, hierarchical hardware designs remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), which struggle to replicate the structured reasoning that human experts employ when translating…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sazzadul Islam , Tasnim Tabassum , Hao Zheng

We present VeriSmart, a highly precise verifier for ensuring arithmetic safety of Ethereum smart contracts. Writing safe smart contracts without unintended behavior is critically important because smart contracts are immutable and even a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Sunbeom So , Myungho Lee , Jisu Park , Heejo Lee , Hakjoo Oh

Verifying hardware designs in embedded systems is crucial but often labor-intensive and time-consuming. While existing solutions have improved automation, they frequently rely on unrealistic assumptions. To address these challenges, we…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yuchen Hu , Junhao Ye , Ke Xu , Jialin Sun , Shiyue Zhang , Xinyao Jiao , Dingrong Pan , Jie Zhou , Ning Wang , Weiwei Shan , Xinwei Fang , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Recent advances have showcased the extraordinary capabilities of Large Language Model (LLM) agents in tackling web-based information-seeking tasks. However, existing efforts mainly focus on single-fact retrieval and rely on outcome-only…

Formal verification is the next frontier for ensuring the correctness of code generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). While methods that co-generate code and formal specifications in formal languages, like Dafny, can, in principle, prove…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingfei Zeng , Fengdi Che , Xuhan Huang , Fei Ye , Xu Xu , Binhang Yuan , Jie Fu

RTL implementations frequently lack up-to-date or consistent specifications, making comprehension, maintenance, and verification costly and error-prone. While prior work has explored generating specifications from RTL using large language…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Fu-Chieh Chang , Yu-Hsin Yang , Hung-Ming Huang , Yun-Chia Hsu , Yin-Yu Lin , Ming-Fang Tsai , Chun-Chih Yang , Pei-Yuan Wu

Recent advances in large language models have improved code generation, but their use in hardware description languages is still limited. Moreover, training data and testbenches for these models are often scarce. This paper presents a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Mu-Chi Chen , Po-Hsuan Huang , Yu-Hung Kao , Yen-Fu Liu , Yu-Kai Hung , Cheng Liang , Shao-Chun Ho , Chia-Heng Tu , Shih-Hao Hung

Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong performance in RTL generation, but different models excel on different tasks because of architecture and training differences. Prior work mainly prompts or finetunes a single model. What remains not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zeng Wang , Weihua Xiao , Minghao Shao , Raghu Vamshi Hemadri , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Muhammad Shafique , Ramesh Karri

The increasing popularity of large language models (LLMs) has paved the way for their application in diverse domains. This paper proposes a benchmarking framework tailored specifically for evaluating LLM performance in the context of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Mingjie Liu , Nathaniel Pinckney , Brucek Khailany , Haoxing Ren

Recently, the use of large language models (LLMs) for software code generation, e.g., C/C++ and Python, has proven a great success. However, LLMs still suffer from low syntactic and functional correctness when it comes to the generation of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Mingzhe Gao , Jieru Zhao , Zhe Lin , Wenchao Ding , Xiaofeng Hou , Yu Feng , Chao Li , Minyi Guo

Register Transfer Level (RTL) design translates high-level specifications into hardware using HDLs such as Verilog. Although LLM-based RTL generation is promising, the scarcity of functionally verifiable high-quality data limits both…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xinyu Zhang , Zhiteng Chao , Yonghao Wang , Bin Sun , Tianyun Ma , Tianmeng Yang , Jianan Mu , Jing Justin Ye , Huawei Li

Automated code generation has long been considered the holy grail of software engineering. The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has catalyzed a revolutionary breakthrough in this area. However, existing methods that only rely on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Xu Lu , Weisong Sun , Yiran Zhang , Ming Hu , Cong Tian , Zhi Jin , Yang Liu

Automated planning is traditionally the domain of experts, utilized in fields like manufacturing and healthcare with the aid of expert planning tools. Recent advancements in LLMs have made planning more accessible to everyday users due to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Christine Lee , David Porfirio , Xinyu Jessica Wang , Kevin Zhao , Bilge Mutlu

Quantitative requirements play an important role in the context of multi-agent systems, where there is often a trade-off between the tasks of individual agents and the constraints that the agents must jointly adhere to. We study multi-agent…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Rafael Dewes , Rayna Dimitrova

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in debugging for various programming languages. However, the application of LLMs to Verilog debugging remains insufficiently explored. Here, we present VeriDebug, an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ning Wang , Bingkun Yao , Jie Zhou , Yuchen Hu , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate code with subtle but critical bugs, especially for complex tasks. Existing automated repair methods typically rely on superficial pass/fail signals, offering limited visibility into program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jiangping Huang , Wenguang Ye , Weisong Sun , Jian Zhang , Mingyue Zhang , Yang Liu

Large language models are increasingly used to generate code from natural language, but ensuring correctness remains challenging. Formal verification offers a principled way to obtain such guarantees by proving that a program satisfies a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhe Ye , Aidan Z. H. Yang , Huangyuan Su , Zhenyu Liao , Samuel Tenka , Zhizhen Qin , Udaya Ghai , Dawn Song , Soonho Kong