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Large Language Models (LLMs) have the unique capability to understand and generate human-like text from input queries. When fine-tuned, these models show enhanced performance on domain-specific queries. OpenAI highlights the process of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Scott Barnett , Zac Brannelly , Stefanus Kurniawan , Sheng Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance across diverse tasks but come with substantial energy and computational costs, particularly in request-heavy scenarios. In many real-world applications, the full scale and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Patrick Wilhelm , Thorsten Wittkopp , Odej Kao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their expensive and time-consuming training. Thus, oftentimes, LLMs are fine-tuned to address a specific task, given the pretrained weights of a pre-trained LLM considered a foundation model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Eshed Gal , Moshe Eliasof , Javier Turek , Uri Ascher , Eran Treister , Eldad Haber

Large Language Model (LLM) unlearning has recently gained significant attention, driven by the need to remove unwanted information, such as private, sensitive, or copyrighted content, from LLMs. However, conventional unlearning approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yixin Wan , Anil Ramakrishna , Kai-Wei Chang , Volkan Cevher , Rahul Gupta

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the natural language processing paradigm but impose substantial demands on memory and computational resources. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to reduce memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Xilong Xie , Liang Wang , Limin Xiao , Meng Han , Lin Sun , Shuai Zheng , Xiangrong Xu

This study investigates the performance of the DeepSeek R1 language model on 30 challenging mathematical problems derived from the MATH dataset, problems that previously proved unsolvable by other models under time constraints. Unlike prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Evgenii Evstafev

The performance of a large language model (LLM) depends heavily on the quality and size of its pretraining dataset. However, the pretraining datasets for state-of-the-art open LLMs like Llama 3 and Mixtral are not publicly available and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Guilherme Penedo , Hynek Kydlíček , Loubna Ben allal , Anton Lozhkov , Margaret Mitchell , Colin Raffel , Leandro Von Werra , Thomas Wolf

Large Language Models (LLMs) have driven significant progress, yet their growing parameter counts and context windows incur prohibitive compute, energy, and monetary costs. We introduce EfficientLLM, a novel benchmark and the first…

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) with limited hardware presents challenges due to GPU memory constraints. Various distributed fine-tuning methods have been proposed to alleviate memory constraints on GPU. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Taeho Kim , Yanming Wang , Vatshank Chaturvedi , Lokesh Gupta , Seyeon Kim , Yongin Kwon , Sangtae Ha

Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on massive training datasets, often including proprietary data, which raises concerns about unauthorized usage and copyright infringement. Existing dataset inference methods typically require access to log…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Chen Xiong , Zihao Wang , Rui Zhu , Tsung-Yi Ho , Pin-Yu Chen , Jingwei Xiong , Haixu Tang

Inference accounts for the majority of latency and energy consumption in large language model (LLM) deployments, often exceeding 90% of total cost. While training-time efficiency has seen extensive progress, runtime optimization remains a…

Pre-trained large-scale language models (LLMs) excel at producing coherent articles, yet their outputs may be untruthful, toxic, or fail to align with user expectations. Current approaches focus on using reinforcement learning with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Dehong Xu , Liang Qiu , Minseok Kim , Faisal Ladhak , Jaeyoung Do

Recent research explores optimization using large language models (LLMs) by either iteratively seeking next-step solutions from LLMs or directly prompting LLMs for an optimizer. However, these approaches exhibit inherent limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Jiacheng Chen , Guojun Peng , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

Memory pressure has emerged as a dominant constraint in scaling the training of large language models (LLMs), particularly in resource-constrained environments. While modern frameworks incorporate various memory-saving techniques, they…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hanmei Yang , Jin Zhou , Yao Fu , Xiaoqun Wang , Ramine Roane , Hui Guan , Tongping Liu

Reasoning LLMs often spend substantial tokens on long intermediate reasoning traces (e.g., chain-of-thought) when solving new problems. We propose to summarize and store reusable reasoning skills distilled from extensive deliberation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Guangxiang Zhao , Qilong Shi , Xusen Xiao , Xiangzheng Zhang , Tong Yang , Lin Sun

Despite their success in many natural language tasks, solving math problems remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). A large gap exists between LLMs' pass-at-one and pass-at-N performance in solving math problems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yixin Liu , Avi Singh , C. Daniel Freeman , John D. Co-Reyes , Peter J. Liu

Large language models are typically controlled via prompts, which must be repeatedly re-processed for every new query and are difficult to reuse modularly. We introduce TokMem, a procedural memory framework that compiles each reusable task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zijun Wu , Yongchang Hao , Lili Mou

Token reduction is an effective way to accelerate long-video vision-language models (VLMs), but most existing methods are designed for dense Transformers and do not directly account for hybrid architectures that interleave attention with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jindong Jiang , Amala Sanjay Deshmukh , Kateryna Chumachenko , Karan Sapra , Zhiding Yu , Guilin Liu , Andrew Tao , Pavlo Molchanov , Jan Kautz , Wonmin Byeon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized a wide range of domains such as natural language processing, computer vision, and multi-modal tasks due to their ability to comprehend context and perform logical reasoning. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Haoyang Li , Yiming Li , Anxin Tian , Tianhao Tang , Zhanchao Xu , Xuejia Chen , Nicole Hu , Wei Dong , Qing Li , Lei Chen

The computational cost of training multimodal large language models (MLLMs) grows rapidly with the number of processed tokens. Existing efficiency methods mainly target inference via token reduction or merging, offering limited benefits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Chaoyu Li , Yogesh Kulkarni , Pooyan Fazli