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The rapid growth of data in the recent years has led to the development of complex learning algorithms that are often used to make decisions in real world. While the positive impact of the algorithms has been tremendous, there is a need to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Ankit Kulshrestha , Ilya Safro

The definition and implementation of fairness in automated decisions has been extensively studied by the research community. Yet, there hides fallacious reasoning, misleading assertions, and questionable practices at the foundations of the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Robert Lee Poe , Soumia Zohra El Mestari

Achieving the Bayes optimal binary classification rule subject to group fairness constraints is known to be reducible, in some cases, to learning a group-wise thresholding rule over the Bayes regressor. In this paper, we extend this result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin

As machine learning algorithms grow in popularity and diversify to many industries, ethical and legal concerns regarding their fairness have become increasingly relevant. We explore the problem of algorithmic fairness, taking an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Joshua Lee , Yuheng Bu , Prasanna Sattigeri , Rameswar Panda , Gregory Wornell , Leonid Karlinsky , Rogerio Feris

Fairness in machine learning is predominantly evaluated through outcome-oriented metrics, such as Demographic parity, which measure whether predictions are statistically consistent across protected groups. However, these metrics cannot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Gideon Popoola , John Sheppard

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical societal domains has amplified concerns about fairness, particularly regarding unequal treatment across sensitive attributes such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Munshi Mahbubur Rahman , Shimei Pan , James R. Foulds

Improving the fairness of machine learning models is a nuanced task that requires decision makers to reason about multiple, conflicting criteria. The majority of fair machine learning methods transform the error-fairness trade-off into a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-25 William G. La Cava

With fairness concerns gaining significant attention in Machine Learning (ML), several bias mitigation techniques have been proposed, often compared against each other to find the best method. These benchmarking efforts tend to use a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Prakhar Ganesh , Usman Gohar , Lu Cheng , Golnoosh Farnadi

Machine learning models built on datasets containing discriminative instances attributed to various underlying factors result in biased and unfair outcomes. It's a well founded and intuitive fact that existing bias mitigation strategies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Bhushan Chaudhari , Akash Agarwal , Tanmoy Bhowmik

Ensuring fairness in machine learning is a critical and challenging task, as biased data representations often lead to unfair predictions. To address this, we propose Deep Fair Learning, a framework that integrates nonlinear sufficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-10 Enze Shi , Linglong Kong , Bei Jiang

Algorithmic Fairness is an established area of machine learning, willing to reduce the influence of hidden bias in the data. Yet, despite its wide range of applications, very few works consider the multi-class classification setting from…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-13 Christophe Denis , Romuald Elie , Mohamed Hebiri , François Hu

We consider a fair representation learning perspective, where optimal predictors, on top of the data representation, are ensured to be invariant with respect to different sub-groups. Specifically, we formulate this intuition as a bi-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Changjian Shui , Qi Chen , Jiaqi Li , Boyu Wang , Christian Gagné

Algorithmic decision making systems are ubiquitous across a wide variety of online as well as offline services. These systems rely on complex learning methods and vast amounts of data to optimize the service functionality, satisfaction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-27 Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Isabel Valera , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez , Krishna P. Gummadi

To fix the 'bias in, bias out' problem in fair machine learning, it is important to steer feature distributions of data or internal representations of Large Language Models (LLMs) to ideal ones that guarantee group-fair outcomes. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mohit Sharma , Amit Jayant Deshpande , Chiranjib Bhattacharyya , Rajiv Ratn Shah

One of the difficulties of artificial intelligence is to ensure that model decisions are fair and free of bias. In research, datasets, metrics, techniques, and tools are applied to detect and mitigate algorithmic unfairness and bias. This…

When using machine learning to aid decision-making, it is critical to ensure that an algorithmic decision is fair and does not discriminate against specific individuals/groups, particularly those from underprivileged populations. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Yifei Wang , Zhengyang Zhou , Liqin Wang , John Laurentiev , Peter Hou , Li Zhou , Pengyu Hong

In an effort to improve the accuracy of credit lending decisions, many financial intuitions are now using predictions from machine learning models. While such predictions enjoy many advantages, recent research has shown that the predictions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Cecilia Ying , Stephen Thomas

The field of fair machine learning aims to ensure that decisions guided by algorithms are equitable. Over the last decade, several formal, mathematical definitions of fairness have gained prominence. Here we first assemble and categorize…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Sam Corbett-Davies , Johann D. Gaebler , Hamed Nilforoshan , Ravi Shroff , Sharad Goel

Applications based on Machine Learning models have now become an indispensable part of the everyday life and the professional world. A critical question then recently arised among the population: Do algorithmic decisions convey any type of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-07 Philippe Besse , Eustasio del Barrio , Paula Gordaliza , Jean-Michel Loubes , Laurent Risser

When using machine learning for automated prediction, it is important to account for fairness in the prediction. Fairness in machine learning aims to ensure that biases in the data and model inaccuracies do not lead to discriminatory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jan Pablo Burgard , João Vitor Pamplona