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Diffusion models can unintentionally memorize training samples, raising concerns about privacy and copyright. While recent methods can detect memorization, they often rely on global or model-specific signals and provide limited insight into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Gwangho Kim , Sungyoon Lee

Training neural networks with one-hot target labels often results in overconfidence and overfitting. Label smoothing addresses this issue by perturbing the one-hot target labels by adding a uniform probability vector to create a regularized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Sachin Chhabra , Hemanth Venkateswara , Baoxin Li

Introducing training-time augmentations is a key technique to enhance generalization and prepare deep neural networks against test-time corruptions. Inspired by the success of generative diffusion models, we propose a novel approach of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Markus Heinonen , Ba-Hien Tran , Michael Kampffmeyer , Maurizio Filippone

Diffusion models have recently achieved remarkable success in generative modeling, yet they are commonly formulated as black-box stochastic systems with limited interpretability and few structural guarantees. In this paper, we establish a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Majid Darehmiraki

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have recently emerged as a promising class of generative models. However, a fundamental limitation is that their inference is very slow due to a need for many (e.g., 2000) iterations of sequential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Hengyuan Ma , Li Zhang , Xiatian Zhu , Jianfeng Feng

Drifting models train one-step generators by optimizing a kernel-induced mean-shift discrepancy between the data and model distributions, with Laplace kernels used by default in practice. At each point, this discrepancy compares the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Chieh-Hsin Lai , Bac Nguyen , Naoki Murata , Yuhta Takida , Toshimitsu Uesaka , Yuki Mitsufuji , Stefano Ermon , Molei Tao

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have emerged as one of the most popular classes of generative models. A substantial body of work now exists on the analysis of SGMs, focusing either on discretization aspects or on their statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Benjamin Dupuis , Dario Shariatian , Maxime Haddouche , Alain Durmus , Umut Simsekli

Smoothed analysis is a framework suggested for mediating gaps between worst-case and average-case complexities. In a recent work, Dinitz et al.~[Distributed Computing, 2018] suggested to use smoothed analysis in order to study dynamic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Uri Meir , Ami Paz , Gregory Schwartzman

Score-based stochastic denoising models have recently been demonstrated as powerful machine learning tools for conditional and unconditional image generation. The existing methods are based on a forward stochastic process wherein the…

Score-based diffusion models (SBDM) have recently emerged as state-of-the-art approaches for image generation. Existing SBDMs are typically formulated in a finite-dimensional setting, where images are considered as tensors of finite size.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Paul Hagemann , Sophie Mildenberger , Lars Ruthotto , Gabriele Steidl , Nicole Tianjiao Yang

Gradients play a pivotal role in neural networks explanation. The inherent high dimensionality and structural complexity of neural networks result in the original gradients containing a significant amount of noise. While several approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Linjiang Zhou , Xiaochuan Shi , Chao Ma , Zepeng Wang

Metric learning aims at learning a distance which is consistent with the semantic meaning of the samples. The problem is generally solved by learning an embedding for each sample such that the embeddings of samples of the same category are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Xu Zhang , Felix Xinnan Yu , Svebor Karaman , Wei Zhang , Shih-Fu Chang

Transferring knowledge from a cross-encoder teacher via Knowledge Distillation (KD) has become a standard paradigm for training retrieval models. While existing studies have largely focused on mining hard negatives to improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Youngjoon Jang , Seongtae Hong , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

The data functions that are studied in the course of functional data analysis are assembled from discrete data, and the level of smoothing that is used is generally that which is appropriate for accurate approximation of the conceptually…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-19 Raymond J. Carroll , Aurore Delaigle , Peter Hall

The robustness of image segmentation has been an important research topic in the past few years as segmentation models have reached production-level accuracy. However, like classification models, segmentation models can be vulnerable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Othmane Laousy , Alexandre Araujo , Guillaume Chassagnon , Marie-Pierre Revel , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami , Maria Vakalopoulou

Most existing generative models are limited to learning a single probability distribution from the training data and cannot generalize to novel distributions for unseen data. An architecture that can generate samples from both trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Xinyu Liao , Aoyang Qin , Jacob Seidman , Junqi Wang , Wei Wang , Paris Perdikaris

Recent works have shown that diffusion models are able to memorize training images and emit them at generation time. However, the metrics used to evaluate memorization and its mitigation techniques suffer from dataset-dependent biases and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Nicky Kriplani , Minh Pham , Gowthami Somepalli , Chinmay Hegde , Niv Cohen

Generating confidence calibrated outputs is of utmost importance for the applications of deep neural networks in safety-critical decision-making systems. The output of a neural network is a probability distribution where the scores are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Chihuang Liu , Joseph JaJa

Recent breakthroughs in diffusion models have exhibited exceptional image-generation capabilities. However, studies show that some outputs are merely replications of training data. Such replications present potential legal challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Yuxin Wen , Yuchen Liu , Chen Chen , Lingjuan Lyu

This position paper argues that understanding generalization in diffusion models requires fundamentally new theoretical frameworks that go beyond both classical statistical learning theory and the benign overfitting paradigm developed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Pierre Marion , Yu-Han Wu
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