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Related papers: Decoupled Split Learning via Auxiliary Loss

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Split-Federated (SplitFed) learning is an extension of federated learning that places minimal requirements on the clients computing infrastructure, since only a small portion of the overall model is deployed on the clients hardware. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zahra Hafezi Kafshgari , Ivan V. Bajic , Parvaneh Saeedi

Deploying foundation models (FMs) on uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) promises broad ``low-altitude economy'' applications. Split federated learning (SFL)-based fine-tuning leverages distributed data while keeping raw data local and reduces…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Zizhen Zhou , Ying-Chang Liang , Yanyu Cheng , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Brain tumors are one of the life-threatening forms of cancer. Previous studies have classified brain tumors using deep neural networks. In this paper, we perform the later task using a collaborative deep learning technique, more…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-01 Omar S. Ads , Mayar M. Alfares , Mohammed A. -M. Salem

Split learning (SL) is a distributed learning paradigm that can enable computation-intensive artificial intelligence (AI) applications by partitioning AI models between mobile devices and edge servers. %fully utilizing distributed computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zuguang Li , Wen Wu , Shaohua Wu , Xuemin , Shen

Accurate load forecasting is crucial for energy management, infrastructure planning, and demand-supply balancing. Smart meter data availability has led to the demand for sensor-based load forecasting. Conventional ML allows training a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Asif Iqbal , Prosanta Gope , Biplab Sikdar

Split learning recently emerged as a solution for distributed machine learning with heterogeneous IoT devices, where clients can offload part of their training to computationally-powerful helpers. The core challenge in split learning is to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Robert Ganian , Fionn Mc Inerney , Dimitra Tsigkari

Split Learning (SL) is a collaborative learning approach that improves privacy by keeping data on the client-side while sharing only the intermediate output with a server. However, the distributed nature of SL introduces new security…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Tanveer Khan , Antonis Michalas

Collaborative training methods like Federated Learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) enable distributed machine learning without sharing raw data. However, FL assumes clients can train entire models, which is infeasible for large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Srijith Nair , Michael Lin , Peizhong Ju , Amirreza Talebi , Elizabeth Serena Bentley , Jia Liu

Federated learning is a privacy-focused approach towards machine learning where models are trained on client devices with locally available data and aggregated at a central server. However, the dependence on a single central server is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shamik Bhattacharyya , Rachel Kalpana Kalaimani

This paper proposes a novel communication-efficient Split Learning (SL) framework, named Attention-based Double Compression (ADC), which reduces the communication overhead required for transmitting intermediate Vision Transformers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Federico Alvetreti , Jary Pomponi , Paolo Di Lorenzo , Simone Scardapane

Split learning (SL) enables collaborative training of large language models (LLMs) between resource-constrained edge devices and compute-rich servers by partitioning model computation across the network boundary. However, existing SL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Aakriti Lnu , Zhe Li , Dandan Liang , Chao Huang , Rui Li , Haibo Yang

Collaborative self-supervised learning has recently become feasible in highly distributed environments by dividing the network layers between client devices and a central server. However, state-of-the-art methods, such as MocoSFL, are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Marcin Przewięźlikowski , Marcin Osial , Bartosz Zieliński , Marek Śmieja

Split learning (SL) enables collaborative training by partitioning a neural network across clients and a central server, but the cut-layer interface introduces a key challenge: high-dimensional activations incur substantial communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Mert Cihangiroglu , Alessandro Pegoraro , Phillip Rieger , Antonino Nocera , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

We propose a novel deep learning method for local self-supervised representation learning that does not require labels nor end-to-end backpropagation but exploits the natural order in data instead. Inspired by the observation that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Sindy Löwe , Peter O'Connor , Bastiaan S. Veeling

Federated Learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) are privacy-preserving Machine-Learning (ML) techniques that enable training ML models over data distributed among clients without requiring direct access to their raw data. Existing FL and SL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Ali Abedi , Shehroz S. Khan

Split learning (SL) is a new collaborative learning technique that allows participants, e.g. a client and a server, to train machine learning models without the client sharing raw data. In this setting, the client initially applies its part…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Tanveer Khan , Khoa Nguyen , Antonis Michalas , Alexandros Bakas

The ubiquitous backpropagation algorithm requires sequential updates through the network introducing a locking problem. In addition, back-propagation relies on the transpose of forward weight matrices to compute updates, introducing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 David Kappel , Khaleelulla Khan Nazeer , Cabrel Teguemne Fokam , Christian Mayr , Anand Subramoney

This paper investigates a communication-efficient split learning (SL) over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system. In particular, we mathematically decompose the inter-layer connection of a neural network (NN) to a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-11 Yuzhi Yang , Zhaoyang Zhang , Zhaohui Yang

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) is an emergent distributed machine learning paradigm for collaborative learning between clients who have disjoint features of common entities. However, standard VFL lacks fault tolerance, with each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Avi Amalanshu , Yash Sirvi , David I. Inouye

Distributed learning is the problem of inferring a function in the case where training data is distributed among multiple geographically separated sources. Particularly, the focus is on designing learning strategies with low computational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-22 Simone Scardapane