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Mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in automating complex smartphone tasks by leveraging multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and system-level control interfaces. However, this paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Lepeng Zhao , Zhenhua Zou , Shuo Li , Zhuotao Liu

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous cognitive cores for embodied assistants, evaluating their privacy awareness in physical environments becomes critical. Unlike digital chatbots, these agents operate in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Junran Wang , Xinjie Shen , Zehao Jin , Pan Li

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM)-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents develop rapidly, with visual grounding that maps natural language instructions to target UI elements serving as the core capability. Existing GUI agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ziwei Liu , Tao Feng , Borui Kang , Yanbing Yang , Jun Luo

Graphical user interface (GUI) has become integral to modern society, making it crucial to be understood for human-centric systems. However, unlike natural images or documents, GUIs comprise artificially designed graphical elements arranged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Ziwei Wang , Weizhi Chen , Leyang Yang , Sheng Zhou , Shengchu Zhao , Hanbei Zhan , Jiongchao Jin , Liangcheng Li , Zirui Shao , Jiajun Bu

Recent advances in foundation models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have facilitated the development of intelligent agents capable of performing complex tasks. By leveraging the…

Fingerprinting refers to the process of identifying underlying Machine Learning (ML) models of AI Systemts, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), by analyzing their unique characteristics or patterns, much like a human fingerprint. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Devansh Bhardwaj , Naman Mishra

The movement of a user's face, easily detected by a smartphone's front camera, is an underexploited input modality for mobile interactions. We introduce three sets of face-engaged interaction techniques for augmenting the traditional mobile…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Jian Zhao , Ricardo Jota , Daniel Wigdor , Ravin Balakrishnan

GUIs have long been central to human-computer interaction, providing an intuitive and visually-driven way to access and interact with digital systems. The advent of LLMs, particularly multimodal models, has ushered in a new era of GUI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Chaoyun Zhang , Shilin He , Jiaxu Qian , Bowen Li , Liqun Li , Si Qin , Yu Kang , Minghua Ma , Guyue Liu , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang

Utilizing Graphic User Interface (GUI) for human-computer interaction is essential for accessing a wide range of digital tools. Recent advancements in Vision Language Models (VLMs) highlight the compelling potential to develop versatile…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wentong Chen , Junbo Cui , Jinyi Hu , Yujia Qin , Junjie Fang , Yue Zhao , Chongyi Wang , Jun Liu , Guirong Chen , Yupeng Huo , Yuan Yao , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Smartphones have significantly enhanced our daily learning, communication, and entertainment, becoming an essential component of modern life. However, certain populations, including the elderly and individuals with disabilities, encounter…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Kelin Fu , Yang Tian , Kaigui Bian

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled the development of mobile agents that can understand visual inputs and follow user instructions, unlocking new possibilities for automating complex tasks on mobile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Ning Li , Xiangmou Qu , Jiamu Zhou , Jun Wang , Muning Wen , Kounianhua Du , Xingyu Lou , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides a visual bridge between a software application and end users, through which they can interact with each other. With the development of technology and aesthetics, the visual effects of the GUI are more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Zhe Liu , Chunyang Chen , Junjie Wang , Yuekai Huang , Jun Hu , Qing Wang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents have emerged as a transformative paradigm in human-computer interaction, evolving from rule-based automation scripts to sophisticated AI-driven systems capable of understanding and executing complex…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Fei Tang , Haolei Xu , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Xingyu Wu , Yongliang Shen , Wenqi Zhang , Guiyang Hou , Zeqi Tan , Yuchen Yan , Kaitao Song , Jian Shao , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Mobile device agent based on Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) is becoming a popular application. In this paper, we introduce Mobile-Agent, an autonomous multi-modal mobile device agent. Mobile-Agent first leverages visual perception…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Junyang Wang , Haiyang Xu , Jiabo Ye , Ming Yan , Weizhou Shen , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jitao Sang

Past studies have illustrated the prevalence of UI dark patterns, or user interfaces that can lead end-users toward (unknowingly) taking actions that they may not have intended. Such deceptive UI designs can result in adverse effects on end…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-14 SM Hasan Mansur , Sabiha Salma , Damilola Awofisayo , Kevin Moran

Free-form gesture understanding is highly appealing for human-computer interaction, as it liberates users from the constraints of predefined gesture categories. However, the sole existing solution GestureGPT suffers from limited recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Zhuoming Li , Aitong Liu , Mengxi Jia , Yubi Lu , Tengxiang Zhang , Changzhi Sun , Dell Zhang , Xuelong Li

Using physical interactive devices like mouse and keyboards hinders naturalistic human-machine interaction and increases the probability of surface contact during a pandemic. Existing gesture-recognition systems do not possess user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Ankit Jha , Ishita , Pratham G. Shenwai , Ayush Batra , Siddharth Kotian , Piyush Modi

Graphical User Interface (GUI) has become one of the most significant parts of mobile applications (apps). It is a direct bridge between mobile apps and end users, which directly affects the end user's experience. Neglecting GUI quality can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Ziyuan Tuo , Quanjun Zhang , Chunyang Chen , Zhenyu Chen , Zhendong Su

Automated Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing plays a crucial role in ensuring app quality, especially as mobile applications have become an integral part of our daily lives. Despite the growing popularity of learning-based techniques in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Zhe Liu , Chunyang Chen , Junjie Wang , Mengzhuo Chen , Boyu Wu , Xing Che , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

The demand for quality in mobile applications has increased greatly given users' high reliance on them for daily tasks. Developers work tirelessly to ensure that their applications are both functional and user-friendly. In pursuit of this,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Safwat Ali Khan