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Molecule synthesis through machine learning is one of the fundamental problems in drug discovery. Current data-driven strategies employ one-step retrosynthesis models and search algorithms to predict synthetic routes in a top-bottom manner.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Songtao Liu , Hanjun Dai , Yue Zhao , Peng Liu

Pocket representations play a vital role in various biomedical applications, such as druggability estimation, ligand affinity prediction, and de novo drug design. While existing geometric features and pretrained representations have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Bowen Gao , Yinjun Jia , Yuanle Mo , Yuyan Ni , Weiying Ma , Zhiming Ma , Yanyan Lan

Biocatalysis is a promising approach to sustainably synthesize pharmaceuticals, complex natural products, and commodity chemicals at scale. However, the adoption of biocatalysis is limited by our ability to select enzymes that will catalyze…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-04-06 Samuel Goldman , Ria Das , Kevin K. Yang , Connor W. Coley

Terpene synthases (TPS) are a key family of enzymes responsible for generating the diverse terpene scaffolds that underpin many natural products, including front-line anticancer drugs such as Taxol. However, de novo TPS design through…

Enzyme engineering enables the modification of wild-type proteins to meet industrial and research demands by enhancing catalytic activity, stability, binding affinities, and other properties. The emergence of deep learning methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yang Tan , Ruilin Wang , Banghao Wu , Liang Hong , Bingxin Zhou

Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) biosynthetic enzymes often exhibit promiscuous substrate preferences that cannot be reduced to simple rules. Large language models are promising tools for predicting…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-26 Joseph D. Clark , Xuenan Mi , Douglas A. Mitchell , Diwakar Shukla

Structure-based drug design, i.e., finding molecules with high affinities to the target protein pocket, is one of the most critical tasks in drug discovery. Traditional solutions, like virtual screening, require exhaustively searching on a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-16 Shuqi Lu , Lin Yao , Xi Chen , Hang Zheng , Di He , Guolin Ke

Enzymes have been shown to diffuse faster in the presence of their reactants. Recently, we revealed new insights into this process of enhanced diffusion using single-particle tracking (SPT) with total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF)…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-01-01 Mengqi Xu , W. Benjamin Rogers , Wylie W. Ahmed , Jennifer L. Ross

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) focuses on designing small-molecule ligands that bind to specific protein pockets. Computational methods are integral in modern SBDD workflows and often make use of virtual screening methods via docking or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Ian Dunn , Liv Toft , Tyler Katz , Juhi Gupta , Riya Shah , Ramith Hettiarachchi , David R. Koes

Sparked by innovations in generative artificial intelligence (AI), the field of protein design has undergone a paradigm shift with an explosion of new models for optimizing existing enzymes or creating them from scratch. After more than one…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-04 Lasse Middendorf , Noelia Ferruz

Generating molecules that bind to specific protein targets via diffusion models has shown good promise for structure-based drug design and molecule optimization. Especially, the diffusion models with binding interaction guidance enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Anjie Qiao , Hao Zhang , Qianmu Yuan , Qirui Deng , Jingtian Su , Weifeng Huang , Huihao Zhou , Guo-Bo Li , Zhen Wang , Jinping Lei

The enzyme turnover rate is a fundamental parameter in enzyme kinetics, reflecting the catalytic efficiency of enzymes. However, enzyme turnover rates remain scarce across most organisms due to the high cost and complexity of experimental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Bozhen Hu , Cheng Tan , Siyuan Li , Jiangbin Zheng , Sizhe Qiu , Jun Xia , Stan Z. Li

Predicting enzyme-substrate interactions has long been a fundamental problem in biochemistry and metabolic engineering. While existing methods could leverage databases of expert-curated enzyme-substrate pairs for models to learn from known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Tengwei Song , Long Yin , Zhen Han , Zhiqiang Xu

Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis plays a vital role in the early detection, monitoring, and management of various cardiovascular conditions. While existing models have achieved notable success in ECG interpretation, they fail to leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yuhao Xu , Xiaoda Wang , Jiaying Lu , Sirui Ding , Defu Cao , Huaxiu Yao , Yan Liu , Xiao Hu , Carl Yang

Molecular generation and molecular property prediction are both crucial for drug discovery, but they are often developed independently. Inspired by recent studies, which demonstrate that diffusion model, a prominent generative approach, can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Shikun Feng , Yuyan Ni , Yan Lu , Zhi-Ming Ma , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan

A simple model for the formation of the polymer-enzyme conjugates has been proposed and described using corresponding extension of the Wertheim's first-order thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT1) for the system of associating chain…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-03-12 Halyna Butovych , Yurij V. Kalyuzhnyi , Taras Patsahan , Jaroslav Ilnytskyi

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have proven to be powerful tools for designing new proteins. Designing proteins that bind a pre-specified target is highly relevant to a range of medical and industrial applications. Despite the flurry…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-30 John D Boom , Matthew Greenig , Pietro Sormanni , Pietro Liò

Biologists frequently desire protein inhibitors for a variety of reasons, including use as research tools for understanding biological processes and application to societal problems in agriculture, healthcare, etc. Immunotherapy, for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Po-Yu Liang , Jun Bai

Modeling the interaction between proteins and ligands and accurately predicting their binding structures is a critical yet challenging task in drug discovery. Recent advancements in deep learning have shown promise in addressing this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Qizhi Pei , Kaiyuan Gao , Lijun Wu , Jinhua Zhu , Yingce Xia , Shufang Xie , Tao Qin , Kun He , Tie-Yan Liu , Rui Yan