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Quantum circuit synthesis is the process in which an arbitrary unitary operation is decomposed into a sequence of gates from a universal set, typically one which a quantum computer can implement both efficiently and fault-tolerantly. As…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-17 Olivia Di Matteo , Michele Mosca

Compiling quantum circuits into Clifford+$T$ gates is a central task for fault-tolerant quantum computing using stabilizer codes. In the near term, $T$ gates will dominate the cost of fault tolerant implementations, and any reduction in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Daniele Lizzio Bosco , Lukasz Cincio , Giuseppe Serra , M. Cerezo

Prevailing proposals for the first generation of quantum computers make use of 2-level systems, or qubits, as the fundamental unit of quantum information. However, recent innovations in quantum error correction and magic state distillation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-18 Luke E. Heyfron , Earl Campbell

With recent advancements in quantum computing technology, optimizing quantum circuits and ensuring reliable quantum state preparation have become increasingly vital. Traditional methods often demand extensive expertise and manual…

We prove that a unitary matrix has an exact representation over the Clifford+T gate set with local ancillas if and only if its entries are in the ring Z[1/sqrt(2),i]. Moreover, we show that one ancilla always suffices. These facts were…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-03 Brett Giles , Peter Selinger

We developed a general framework for synthesizing target gates by using a finite set of basic gates, which is a crucial step in quantum compilation. When approximating a gate in SU($n$), a naive brute-force search requires a computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Soichiro Yamazaki , Seiseki Akibue

Since quantum computing is currently in the NISQ-Era, compilation strategies to reduce the number of gates executed on specific hardware are required. In this work, we utilize the concept of synthesis of a data structure called Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 David Winderl , Qunsheng Huang , Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Richie Yeung

IBM has made several quantum computers available to researchers around the world via cloud services. Two architectures with five qubits, one with 16, and one with 20 qubits are available to run experiments. The IBM architectures implement…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Gerhard W. Dueck , Anirban Pathak , Md Mazder Rahman , Abhishek Shukla , Anindita Banerjee

We study the resources required to achieve universal quantum computing via the gate sets that provide the fundamental instructions from which quantum algorithms are built. While single-gate universal sets are known, they rely on precisely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Robin Kaarsgaard

Circuit synthesis is the task of decomposing a given logical functionality into a sequence of elementary gates. It is (depth-)optimal if it is impossible to achieve the desired functionality with even shorter circuits. Optimal synthesis is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Tom Peham , Nina Brandl , Richard Kueng , Robert Wille , Lukas Burgholzer

We perform optimal-control-theory calculations to determine the minimum number of two-qubit CNOT gates needed to perform quantum state preparation and unitary operator synthesis for few-qubit systems. By considering all possible gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Sahel Ashhab , Naoki Yamamoto , Fumiki Yoshihara , Kouichi Semba

The matrices that can be exactly represented by a circuit over the Toffoli-Hadamard gate set are the orthogonal matrices of the form $M/ \sqrt{2}{}^k$, where $M$ is an integer matrix and $k$ is a nonnegative integer. The exact synthesis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-22 Matthew Amy , Andrew N. Glaudell , Sarah Meng Li , Neil J. Ross

The primary objective of quantum circuit synthesis is to efficiently and accurately realize specific quantum algorithms or operations utilizing a predefined set of quantum gates, while also optimizing the circuit size. It holds a pivotal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Jialiang Tang , Jialin Zhang , Xiaoming Sun

Before executing a quantum algorithm, one must first decompose the algorithm into machine-level instructions compatible with the architecture of the quantum computer, a process known as quantum compiling. There are many different quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 Luke Heyfron , Earl T. Campbell

Given a quantum algorithm, it is highly nontrivial to devise an efficient sequence of physical gates implementing the algorithm on real hardware and incorporating topological quantum error correction. In this paper, we present a first step…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-10 Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt , Austin G. Fowler

We present a simple algorithm that implements an arbitrary $n$-qubit unitary operator using a Clifford+T circuit with T-count $O(2^{4n/3} n^{2/3})$. This improves upon the previous best known upper bound of $O(2^{3n/2} n)$, while the best…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Xinyu Tan

We present an algorithm for efficiently approximating of qubit unitaries over gate sets derived from totally definite quaternion algebras. It achieves $\varepsilon$-approximations using circuits of length $O(\log(1/\varepsilon))$, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-16 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Alex Bocharov , Martin Roetteler , Jon Yard

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

We present an algorithm for computing depth-optimal decompositions of logical operations, leveraging a meet-in-the-middle technique to provide a significant speed-up over simple brute force algorithms. As an illustration of our method we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-28 Matthew Amy , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca , Martin Roetteler

In Layout Synthesis, the logical qubits of a quantum circuit are mapped to the physical qubits of a given quantum hardware platform, taking into account the connectivity of physical qubits. This involves inserting SWAP gates before an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-29 Irfansha Shaik , Jaco van de Pol