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A UV laser calibration system is developed for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20-kton liquid scintillator-based, long baseline reactor anti-neutrino experiment. This system is capable of delivering fast laser pulses…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-01-30 Yuanyuan Zhang , Jianglai Liu , Mengjiao Xiao , Feiyang Zhang , Tao Zhang

While the potential of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) to measure solar neutrinos is known, realizing this potential requires new techniques to reduce detector backgrounds. One of the most serious backgrounds is due to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-16 Obada Nairat , John F. Beacom , Shirley Weishi Li

The ANTARES neutrino telescope, to be immersed depth in the Mediterranean Sea, will consist of a 3 dimensional matrix of 900 large area photomultiplier tubes housed in pressure resistant glass spheres. The selection of the optimal…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-08-27 The ANTARES Collaboration

We present a versatile analytic model describing Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) for P-on-N silicon photomultipliers, with possible applications for device characterization, PDE extrapolation from limited data, simulation and design…

The recent Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) measurements of $\theta_{12}$ and $\Delta m^2_{21}$ open a new avenue for probing flavor symmetric structures in the lepton sector. Motivated by this, we study a model in which…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-11 Ranjeet Kumar

We present results of the detailed study of several hundred Hamamatsu H12700 Multianode Photomultiplier Tubes (MaPMTs), characterizing their response to the Cherenkov light photons in the second Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector, a part of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-10-19 Pavel Degtiarenko , Andrey Kim , Valery Kubarovsky , Ben Raydo , Andrew Smith , Fatiha Benmokhtar

We present the precision calibration of 35 Hamamatsu R11410-22 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with xenon scintillation light centred near 175 nm. This particular PMT variant was developed specifically for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-13 B. López Paredes , H. M. Araújo , F. Froborg , N. Marangou , I. Olcina , T. J. Sumner , R. Taylor , A. Tomás , A. Vacheret

To expand our understanding of neutrino physics, scientific researchers of astroparticle Physics directs their goal of detecting atmospheric tau neutrinos in the GeV range. The effort will fundamentally unlock the nature of these elusive…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-11 Kartik Joshi , Satyajit Jena

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have a few advantages over conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) used in imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The first notable characteristic is their higher photon detection efficiency (PDE) of up…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-19 Akira Okumura , Junya Haga , Chiaki Inoue , Keiji Nishimoto , Kazuhiro Furuta , Hiroyasu Tajima

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is designed to determine the neutrino mass ordering and measure neutrino oscillation parameters. A precise muon reconstruction is crucial to reduce one of the major backgrounds induced by…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-05-11 Yan Liu , Weidong Li , Tao Lin , Wenxing Fang , Simon C. Blyth , Jilei Xu , Miao He , Kun Zhang

The IceCube neutrino observatory is composed of more than five thousand light sensors, Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), installed on the surface and at depths between 1450 and 2450 m in clear ice at the South Pole. Each DOM incorporates a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-11-10 Delia Tosi , Christopher Wendt

The Milagro experiment observes the extensive air showers produced by very high energy gamma-rays impacting the Earth's atmosphere. Milagro uses 898 Hamamatsu R5912 Photomultiplier Tubes. To complete our Monte Carlo simulations, we tested…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-11-14 V. Vasileiou , R. W. Ellsworth , A. J. Smith

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used as photon sensors for neutrino and dark matter detection. Accurate charge and time information extracted from PMT waveforms is crucial for event reconstruction. An algorithm based on…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-23 Xingyi Lin , Jinghuan Xu , Yongbo Huang , Jingzhe Tang , Tianying Xiao , Yingke Li

We study damping signatures at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a medium-baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiment. These damping signatures are motivated by various new physics models, including quantum…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-06-15 JUNO collaboration , Jun Wang , Jiajun Liao , Wei Wang , Angel Abusleme , Thomas Adam , Shakeel Ahmad , Rizwan Ahmed , Sebastiano Aiello , Muhammad Akram , Fengpeng An , Qi An , Giuseppe Andronico , Nikolay Anfimov , Vito Antonelli , Tatiana Antoshkina , Burin Asavapibhop , João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André , Didier Auguste , Andrej Babic , Nikita Balashov , Wander Baldini , Andrea Barresi , Davide Basilico , Eric Baussan , Marco Bellato , Antonio Bergnoli , Thilo Birkenfeld , Sylvie Blin , David Blum , Simon Blyth , Anastasia Bolshakova , Mathieu Bongrand , Clément Bordereau , Dominique Breton , Augusto Brigatti , Riccardo Brugnera , Riccardo Bruno , Antonio Budano , Mario Buscemi , Jose Busto , Ilya Butorov , Anatael Cabrera , Hao Cai , Xiao Cai , Yanke Cai , Zhiyan Cai , Riccardo Callegari , Antonio Cammi , Agustin Campeny , Chuanya Cao , Guofu Cao , Jun Cao , Rossella Caruso , Cédric Cerna , Jinfan Chang , Yun Chang , Pingping Chen , Po-An Chen , Shaomin Chen , Xurong Chen , Yi-Wen Chen , Yixue Chen , Yu Chen , Zhang Chen , Jie Cheng , Yaping Cheng , Alexey Chetverikov , Davide Chiesa , Pietro Chimenti , Artem Chukanov , Gérard Claverie , Catia Clementi , Barbara Clerbaux , Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo , Daniele Corti , Flavio Dal Corso , Olivia Dalager , Christophe De La Taille , Jiawei Deng , Zhi Deng , Ziyan Deng , Wilfried Depnering , Marco Diaz , Xuefeng Ding , Yayun Ding , Bayu Dirgantara , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Tadeas Dohnal , Dmitry Dolzhikov , Georgy Donchenko , Jianmeng Dong , Evgeny Doroshkevich , Marcos Dracos , Frédéric Druillole , Ran Du , Shuxian Du , Stefano Dusini , Martin Dvorak , Timo Enqvist , Heike Enzmann , Andrea Fabbri , Lukas Fajt , Donghua Fan , Lei Fan , Jian Fang , Wenxing Fang , Marco Fargetta , Dmitry Fedoseev , Vladko Fekete , Li-Cheng Feng , Qichun Feng , Richard Ford , Amélie Fournier , Haonan Gan , Feng Gao , Alberto Garfagnini , Arsenii Gavrikov , Marco Giammarchi , Agnese Giaz , Nunzio Giudice , Maxim Gonchar , Guanghua Gong , Hui Gong , Yuri Gornushkin , Alexandre Göttel , Marco Grassi , Christian Grewing , Vasily Gromov , Minghao Gu , Xiaofei Gu , Yu Gu , Mengyun Guan , Nunzio Guardone , Maria Gul , Cong Guo , Jingyuan Guo , Wanlei Guo , Xinheng Guo , Yuhang Guo , Paul Hackspacher , Caren Hagner , Ran Han , Yang Han , Muhammad Sohaib Hassan , Miao He , Wei He , Tobias Heinz , Patrick Hellmuth , Yuekun Heng , Rafael Herrera , YuenKeung Hor , Shaojing Hou , Yee Hsiung , Bei-Zhen Hu , Hang Hu , Jianrun Hu , Jun Hu , Shouyang Hu , Tao Hu , Zhuojun Hu , Chunhao Huang , Guihong Huang , Hanxiong Huang , Wenhao Huang , Xin Huang , Xingtao Huang , Yongbo Huang , Jiaqi Hui , Lei Huo , Wenju Huo , Cédric Huss , Safeer Hussain , Ara Ioannisian , Roberto Isocrate , Beatrice Jelmini , Kuo-Lun Jen , Ignacio Jeria , Xiaolu Ji , Xingzhao Ji , Huihui Jia , Junji Jia , Siyu Jian , Di Jiang , Wei Jiang , Xiaoshan Jiang , Ruyi Jin , Xiaoping Jing , Cécile Jollet , Jari Joutsenvaara , Sirichok Jungthawan , Leonidas Kalousis , Philipp Kampmann , Li Kang , Rebin Karaparambil , Narine Kazarian , Khanchai Khosonthongkee , Denis Korablev , Konstantin Kouzakov , Alexey Krasnoperov , Andre Kruth , Nikolay Kutovskiy , Pasi Kuusiniemi , Tobias Lachenmaier , Cecilia Landini , Sébastien Leblanc , Victor Lebrin , Frederic Lefevre , Ruiting Lei , Rupert Leitner , Jason Leung , Demin Li , Fei Li , Fule Li , Haitao Li , Huiling Li , Jiaqi Li , Mengzhao Li , Min Li , Nan Li , Nan Li , Qingjiang Li , Ruhui Li , Shanfeng Li , Tao Li , Weidong Li , Weiguo Li , Xiaomei Li , Xiaonan Li , Xinglong Li , Yi Li , Yufeng Li , Zhaohan Li , Zhibing Li , Ziyuan Li , Hao Liang , Hao Liang , Daniel Liebau , Ayut Limphirat , Sukit Limpijumnong , Guey-Lin Lin , Shengxin Lin , Tao Lin , Jiajie Ling , Ivano Lippi , Fang Liu , Haidong Liu , Hongbang Liu , Hongjuan Liu , Hongtao Liu , Hui Liu , Jianglai Liu , Jinchang Liu , Min Liu , Qian Liu , Qin Liu , Runxuan Liu , Shuangyu Liu , Shubin Liu , Shulin Liu , Xiaowei Liu , Xiwen Liu , Yan Liu , Yunzhe Liu , Alexey Lokhov , Paolo Lombardi , Claudio Lombardo , Kai Loo , Chuan Lu , Haoqi Lu , Jingbin Lu , Junguang Lu , Shuxiang Lu , Xiaoxu Lu , Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev , Sultim Lubsandorzhiev , Livia Ludhova , Arslan Lukanov , Fengjiao Luo , Guang Luo , Pengwei Luo , Shu Luo , Wuming Luo , Vladimir Lyashuk , Bangzheng Ma , Qiumei Ma , Si Ma , Xiaoyan Ma , Xubo Ma , Jihane Maalmi , Yury Malyshkin , Roberto Carlos Mandujano , Fabio Mantovani , Francesco Manzali , Xin Mao , Yajun Mao , Stefano M. Mari , Filippo Marini , Sadia Marium , Cristina Martellini , Gisele Martin-Chassard , Agnese Martini , Matthias Mayer , Davit Mayilyan , Ints Mednieks , Yue Meng , Anselmo Meregaglia , Emanuela Meroni , David Meyhöfer , Mauro Mezzetto , Jonathan Miller , Lino Miramonti , Paolo Montini , Michele Montuschi , Axel Müller , Massimiliano Nastasi , Dmitry V. Naumov , Elena Naumova , Diana Navas-Nicolas , Igor Nemchenok , Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi , Feipeng Ning , Zhe Ning , Hiroshi Nunokawa , Lothar Oberauer , Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux , Alexander Olshevskiy , Domizia Orestano , Fausto Ortica , Rainer Othegraven , Hsiao-Ru Pan , Alessandro Paoloni , Sergio Parmeggiano , Yatian Pei , Nicomede Pelliccia , Anguo Peng , Haiping Peng , Frédéric Perrot , Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean , Fabrizio Petrucci , Oliver Pilarczyk , Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico , Artyom Popov , Pascal Poussot , Wathan Pratumwan , Ezio Previtali , Fazhi Qi , Ming Qi , Sen Qian , Xiaohui Qian , Zhen Qian , Hao Qiao , Zhonghua Qin , Shoukang Qiu , Muhammad Usman Rajput , Gioacchino Ranucci , Neill Raper , Alessandra Re , Henning Rebber , Abdel Rebii , Bin Ren , Jie Ren , Barbara Ricci , Markus Robens , Mathieu Roche , Narongkiat Rodphai , Aldo Romani , Bedřich Roskovec , Christian Roth , Xiangdong Ruan , Xichao Ruan , Saroj Rujirawat , Arseniy Rybnikov , Andrey Sadovsky , Paolo Saggese , Simone Sanfilippo , Anut Sangka , Nuanwan Sanguansak , Utane Sawangwit , Julia Sawatzki , Fatma Sawy , Michaela Schever , Cédric Schwab , Konstantin Schweizer , Alexandr Selyunin , Andrea Serafini , Giulio Settanta , Mariangela Settimo , Zhuang Shao , Vladislav Sharov , Arina Shaydurova , Jingyan Shi , Yanan Shi , Vitaly Shutov , Andrey Sidorenkov , Fedor Šimkovic , Chiara Sirignano , Jaruchit Siripak , Monica Sisti , Maciej Slupecki , Mikhail Smirnov , Oleg Smirnov , Thiago Sogo-Bezerra , Sergey Sokolov , Julanan Songwadhana , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum , Albert Sotnikov , Ondřej Šrámek , Warintorn Sreethawong , Achim Stahl , Luca Stanco , Konstantin Stankevich , Dušan Štefánik , Hans Steiger , Jochen Steinmann , Tobias Sterr , Matthias Raphael Stock , Virginia Strati , Alexander Studenikin , Shifeng Sun , Xilei Sun , Yongjie Sun , Yongzhao Sun , Narumon Suwonjandee , Michal Szelezniak , Jian Tang , Qiang Tang , Quan Tang , Xiao Tang , Alexander Tietzsch , Igor Tkachev , Tomas Tmej , Marco Danilo Claudio Torri , Konstantin Treskov , Andrea Triossi , Giancarlo Troni , Wladyslaw Trzaska , Cristina Tuve , Nikita Ushakov , Johannes van den Boom , Stefan van Waasen , Guillaume Vanroyen , Vadim Vedin , Giuseppe Verde , Maxim Vialkov , Benoit Viaud , Cornelius Moritz Vollbrecht , Cristina Volpe , Vit Vorobel , Dmitriy Voronin , Lucia Votano , Pablo Walker , Caishen Wang , Chung-Hsiang Wang , En Wang , Guoli Wang , Jian Wang , Kunyu Wang , Lu Wang , Meifen Wang , Meng Wang , Meng Wang , Ruiguang Wang , Siguang Wang , Wei Wang , Wenshuai Wang , Xi Wang , Xiangyue Wang , Yangfu Wang , Yaoguang Wang , Yi Wang , Yi Wang , Yifang Wang , Yuanqing Wang , Yuman Wang , Zhe Wang , Zheng Wang , Zhimin Wang , Zongyi Wang , Muhammad Waqas , Apimook Watcharangkool , Lianghong Wei , Wei Wei , Wenlu Wei , Yadong Wei , Kaile Wen , Liangjian Wen , Christopher Wiebusch , Steven Chan-Fai Wong , Bjoern Wonsak , Diru Wu , Qun Wu , Zhi Wu , Michael Wurm , Jacques Wurtz , Christian Wysotzki , Yufei Xi , Dongmei Xia , Xiaochuan Xie , Yuguang Xie , Zhangquan Xie , Zhizhong Xing , Benda Xu , Cheng Xu , Donglian Xu , Fanrong Xu , Hangkun Xu , Jilei Xu , Jing Xu , Meihang Xu , Yin Xu , Yu Xu , Baojun Yan , Taylor Yan , Wenqi Yan , Xiongbo Yan , Yupeng Yan , Anbo Yang , Changgen Yang , Chengfeng Yang , Huan Yang , Jie Yang , Lei Yang , Xiaoyu Yang , Yifan Yang , Yifan Yang , Haifeng Yao , Zafar Yasin , Jiaxuan Ye , Mei Ye , Ziping Ye , Ugur Yegin , Frédéric Yermia , Peihuai Yi , Na Yin , Xiangwei Yin , Zhengyun You , Boxiang Yu , Chiye Yu , Chunxu Yu , Hongzhao Yu , Miao Yu , Xianghui Yu , Zeyuan Yu , Zezhong Yu , Chengzhuo Yuan , Ying Yuan , Zhenxiong Yuan , Ziyi Yuan , Baobiao Yue , Noman Zafar , Andre Zambanini , Vitalii Zavadskyi , Shan Zeng , Tingxuan Zeng , Yuda Zeng , Liang Zhan , Aiqiang Zhang , Feiyang Zhang , Guoqing Zhang , Haiqiong Zhang , Honghao Zhang , Jiawen Zhang , Jie Zhang , Jin Zhang , Jingbo Zhang , Jinnan Zhang , Peng Zhang , Qingmin Zhang , Shiqi Zhang , Shu Zhang , Tao Zhang , Xiaomei Zhang , Xuantong Zhang , Xueyao Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yinhong Zhang , Yiyu Zhang , Yongpeng Zhang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yumei Zhang , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhijian Zhang , Fengyi Zhao , Jie Zhao , Rong Zhao , Shujun Zhao , Tianchi Zhao , Dongqin Zheng , Hua Zheng , Minshan Zheng , Yangheng Zheng , Weirong Zhong , Jing Zhou , Li Zhou , Nan Zhou , Shun Zhou , Tong Zhou , Xiang Zhou , Jiang Zhu , Kangfu Zhu , Kejun Zhu , Zhihang Zhu , Bo Zhuang , Honglin Zhuang , Liang Zong , Jiaheng Zou

Since the early days of experimental particle physics photomultipliers (PMTs) have played an important role in the detector design. Thanks to their capability of fast photon counting, PMTs are extensively used in the new-generation of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-08-24 C. Bozza , T. Chiarusi , M. Costa , F. Di Capua , V. Kulikovskiy , R. Mele , P. Migliozzi , C. M. Mollo , C. Pellegrino , G. Riccobene , D. Vivolo

The PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector uses Hamamatsu 3-inch R11410-23 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) as the light sensors for ultra-low radioactivity, high quantum efficiency, and long-term stability at cryogenic temperature. Each PMT was…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-06-02 Binbin Yan , Di Huang , Jianglai Liu , Xiaoying Lu , Anqing Wan , Mengjiao Xiao

The reliable detection of neutrons in a harsh gamma-ray environment is an important aspect of establishing non-destructive methods for the characterization of spent nuclear fuel. In this study, we present results from extended in-situ…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-10-22 Hanno Perrey , Linus Ros , Mikael Elfman , Ulrika Bäckström , Per Kristiansson , Anders Sjöland

JUNO is a 20 kt Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector currently under construction in the south of China. This report reviews JUNO's physics programme related to all neutrino sources but reactor antineutrinos, namely neutrinos from…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-05-31 Marco Grassi

Precise vertex reconstruction is essential for large liquid scintillator detectors. A novel method based on machine learning has been successfully developed to reconstruct the event vertex in JUNO previously. In this paper, the performance…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-05-10 Zi-Yuan Li , Zhen Qian , Jie-Han He , Wei He , Cheng-Xin Wu , Xun-Ye Cai , Zheng-Yun You , Yu-Mei Zhang , Wu-Ming Luo

Modern neutrino physics detectors often employ thousands, and sometimes even hundreds of thousands, of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). The TAO experiment is a notable example that utilizes a spherical scintillator barrel with a diameter…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-02-09 A. Rybnikov , N. Anfimov , M. Qu , A. Chetverikov , G. Cao , D. Fedoseev , H. Wang , V. Kozhukalov , V. Sharov , S. Sokolov , A. Sotnikov