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In continual instruction tuning (CIT) scenarios, where new instruction tuning data continuously arrive in an online streaming manner, training delays from large-scale data significantly hinder real-time adaptation. Data selection can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Minjae Lee , Minhyuk Seo , Tingyu Qu , Tinne Tuytelaars , Jonghyun Choi

Process Model Forecasting (PMF) aims to predict how the control-flow structure of a process evolves over time by modeling the temporal dynamics of directly-follows (DF) relations, complementing predictive process monitoring that focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yongbo Yu , Jari Peeperkorn , Johannes De Smedt , Jochen De Weerdt

Signal measurement appearing in the form of time series is one of the most common types of data used in medical machine learning applications. Such datasets are often small in size, expensive to collect and annotate, and might involve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Xiaomin Li , Anne Hee Hiong Ngu , Vangelis Metsis

Time series forecasting (TSF) is one of the most important tasks in data science given the fact that accurate time series (TS) predictive models play a major role across a wide variety of domains including finance, transportation, health…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Zimeng Lyu , Alexander Ororbia , Travis Desell

Time series anomaly detection is essential for the reliable operation of complex systems, but most existing methods require extensive task-specific training. We explore whether time series foundation models (TSFMs), pretrained on large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Miseon Park , Kijung Yoon

Time series foundational models (TSFM) have gained prominence in time series forecasting, promising state-of-the-art performance across various applications. However, their application in anomaly detection and prediction remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Chathurangi Shyalika , Harleen Kaur Bagga , Ahan Bhatt , Renjith Prasad , Alaa Al Ghazo , Amit Sheth

Time series (TS) data have consistently been in short supply, yet their demand remains high for training systems in prediction, modeling, classification, and various other applications. Synthesis can serve to expand the sample population,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-23 Tracey K. M. Lee , H. W. Chan , K. H. Leo , Effie Chew , L. Zhao , Saeid Sanei

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) have borrowed the long context paradigm from natural language processing under the premise that feeding more history into the model improves forecast quality. But in stochastic domains, distant history…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rishi Ahuja , Kumar Prateek , Simranjit Singh , Vijay Kumar

Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) is a novel framework that processes modulation symbols via a time-independent channel characterized by the delay-Doppler domain. The conventional waveform, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-20 Zhou Zhou , Lingjia Liu , Jiarui Xu , Robert Calderbank

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Foundation Models (FMs) have recently become prevalent for time series forecasting tasks. While fine-tuning LLMs enables domain adaptation, they often struggle to generalize across diverse and unseen…

Time series forecasting uses historical data to predict future trends, leveraging the relationships between past observations and available features. In this paper, we propose RAFT, a retrieval-augmented time series forecasting method to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Sungwon Han , Seungeon Lee , Meeyoung Cha , Sercan O Arik , Jinsung Yoon

Currently, iTransformer is one of the most popular and effective models for multivariate time series (MTS) forecasting. Thanks to its inverted framework, iTransformer effectively captures multivariate correlation. However, the inverted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Hongming Tan , Ting Chen , Ruochong Jin , Wai Kin Chan

Time series forecasting plays a crucial role in data mining, driving rapid advancements across numerous industries. With the emergence of large models, time series foundation models (TSFMs) have exhibited remarkable generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Huanyu Zhang , Chang Xu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Jiang Bian , Tieniu Tan

Temporally indexed data are essential in a wide range of fields and of interest to machine learning researchers. Time series data, however, are often scarce or highly sensitive, which precludes the sharing of data between researchers and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Alexander Nikitin , Letizia Iannucci , Samuel Kaski

Data augmentation is important for improving machine learning model performance when faced with limited real-world data. In time series forecasting (TSF), where accurate predictions are crucial in fields like finance, healthcare, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Dona Arabi , Jafar Bakhshaliyev , Ayse Coskuner , Kiran Madhusudhanan , Kami Serdar Uckardes

Industrial Multivariate Time Series (MTS) is a critical view of the industrial field for people to understand the state of machines. However, due to data collection difficulty and privacy concerns, available data for building industrial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Lei Ren , Haiteng Wang , Yuanjun Laili

Foundation models (FMs) have transformed natural language processing, but their success has not yet translated to time series forecasting. Existing time series foundation models (TSFMs), often based on transformer variants, struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Lars Graf , Thomas Ortner , Stanisław Woźniak , Angeliki Pantazi

Scaling laws motivate the development of Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) that pre-train vast parameters and achieve remarkable zero-shot forecasting performance. Surprisingly, even after fine-tuning, TSFMs cannot consistently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Lifan Zhao , Yanyan Shen , Zhaoyang Liu , Xue Wang , Jiaji Deng

Real-world time series data that commonly reflect sequential human behavior are often uniquely irregularly sampled and sparse, with highly nonuniform sampling over time and entities. Yet, commonly-used pretraining and augmentation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Nicasia Beebe-Wang , Sayna Ebrahimi , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan O. Arik , Tomas Pfister

Time Series foundation models (TSFMs) deliver strong forecasting performance through large-scale pretraining, but their large parameter sizes make deployment costly. While knowledge distillation offers a natural and effective approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuqi Li , Kuiye Ding , Chuanguang Yang , Szu-Yu Chen , Yingli Tian