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DC microgrids are converter-based electrical networks that are increasingly being used in various applications, including data centers and industrial distribution systems. A central challenge in their operation is maintaining the DC-bus…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Jovan Krajacic , Ognjen Stanojev , Mario Schweizer , Orcun Karaca , Gabriela Hug , Vladan Lazarević

The electrical grid is evolving from a network consisting of mostly synchronous machines to a mixture of synchronous machines and inverter-based resources such as wind, solar, and energy storage. This transformation has led to a decrease in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-29 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang

The significant electrical distance between wind power collection points and the main grid poses challenges for weak grid-connected wind power systems. A new type of voltage oscillation phenomenon induced by repeated low voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-09 Qiping Lai , Chen Shen , Dongsheng Li

The electric power system is witnessing a shift in the technology of generation. Conventional thermal generation based on synchronous machines is gradually being replaced by power electronics interfaced renewable generation. This new mode…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-24 Bala Kameshwar Poolla , Dominic Groß , Florian Dörfler

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control has been the workhorse of control technology for about a century. Yet to this day, designing and tuning PID controllers relies mostly on either tabulated rules (Ziegler-Nichols) or on classical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-21 Qi Mao , Yong Xu , Jianqi Chen , Jie Chen , Tryphon Georgiou

Inter-area oscillations have been extensively studied in conventional power systems dominated by synchronous machines, as well as methods to mitigate them. Several publications have addressed Power Oscillation Damping (POD) controllers in…

There are tradeoffs between current sharing among distributed resources and DC bus voltage stability when conventional droop control is used in DC microgrids. As current sharing approaches the setpoint, bus voltage deviation increases.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Tuyen V. Vu , Dallas Perkins , Fernand Diaz , David Gonsoulin , Chris S. Edrington , Touria El-Mezyani

This work provides a design method for achieving a specified level of stability for inverter-based interconnected distributed generation. The stability of parallel connected distributed energy resources determined from a linearized…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Mahmood Saadeh , Roy McCann

Virtual oscillator control is the latest control technique for grid-forming inverters. Virtual Oscillator based Controllers (VOCs) provide all the steady-state droop functionalities of conventional droop controllers and, in addition, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-07 Ritwik Ghosh , Narsa Reddy Tummuru , Bharat Singh Rajpuohit

As power systems become more and more interconnected, the inter-area oscillations has become a serious factor limiting large power transfer among different areas. Underdamped (Undamped) inter-area oscillations may cause system breakup and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Jianming Lian , Shaobu Wang , Ruisheng Diao , Zhenyu Huang

This paper proposes a systematic framework to assess the small-signal stability of power systems with high shares of grid-following inverter-based resources (IBRs) under varying controller parameters and operating conditions. Stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Francesco Conte , Fernando Mancilla-David , Federico Silvestro , Samuele Grillo

In this paper, we analytically study the transient stability of grid-connected converters with grid-forming complex droop control, also known as dispatchable virtual oscillator control. We prove theoretically that complex droop control, as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-24 Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Irina Subotić , Verena Häberle , Florian Dörfler

We present a systematic method for designing distributed generation and demand control schemes for secondary frequency regulation in power networks such that stability and an economically optimal power allocation can be guaranteed. A…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-03 Andreas Kasis , Nima Monshizadeh , Eoin Devane , Ioannis Lestas

Wind is becoming an increasingly significant source of energy in modern power generation. Amongst existing technologies, Variable Speed Wind Turbines (VSWT) equipped with Double Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) is widely deployed.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-02-03 Charalambos Konstantinou

This paper outlines reduced-order models for grid-forming virtual-oscillator-controlled inverters with nested current- and voltage-control loops, and current-limiting action for over-current protection. While a variety of model-reduction…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-24 Olaoluwapo Ajala , Minghui Lu , Brian Johnson , Sairaj Dhople , Alejandro Domínguez-García

This paper proposes a computational method to efficiently and quickly estimate stability regions of droop control slopes for modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based multiterminal dc (MTDC) systems. The proposed method is based on a general…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-08 Yuntao Zou , Lei Zhang , Jiangchao Qin

Inverter-dominated microgrids are quickly becoming a key building block of future power systems. They rely on centralized controllers that can provide reliability and resiliency in extreme events. Nonetheless, communication failures due to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-11 Siddharth Bhela , Abhishek Banerjee , Ulrich Muenz , Joachim Bamberger

Voltage regulation under conventional grid-forming controllers is tightly coupled to power sharing and dc-link dynamics. Consequently, its tracking accuracy deteriorates during grid faults, sudden power sharing changes, or dc-bus voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Qianxi Tang , Li Peng , Xuefeng Wang , Xinchen Yao

Fundamental sensor feedback limitations for improving rotor angle stability using local frequency or phase angle measurement are derived. Using a two-machine power system model, it is shown that improved damping of inter-area oscillations…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-13 Joakim Björk , Danilo Obradović , Lennart Harnefors , Karl Henrik Johansson

Frequency performance has been a crucial issue for islanded microgrids. On the one hand, most distributed energy resources (DER) are converter-interfaced and do not inherently respond to frequency variations. On the other hand, current…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Yichen Zhang , Alexander M. Melin , Seddik M. Djouadi , Mohammed M. Olama , Kevin Tomsovic