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Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in mathematical formalization. However, existing benchmarks focus on logical verification of declarative propositions, often neglecting the task of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Bowen Yang , Yi Yuan , Chenyi Li , Ziyu Wang , Liangqi Li , Bo Zhang , Zhe Li , Zaiwen Wen

We give a process for verifying numerical programs against their functional specifications. Our implementation is capable of automatically verifying programs against tight error bounds featuring common elementary functions. We demonstrate…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Junaid Rasheed , Michal Konečný

Since the inception of Large Language Models (LLMs), the quest to efficiently train them for superior reasoning capabilities has been a pivotal challenge. The dominant training paradigm for LLMs is based on next token prediction (NTP).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Pengxiao Lin , Zhongwang Zhang , Zhi-Qin John Xu

This work explores the application of deep learning, a machine learning technique that uses deep neural networks (DNN) in its core, to an automated theorem proving (ATP) problem. To this end, we construct a statistical model which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Taro Sekiyama , Kohei Suenaga

The demand for synthetic data in mathematical reasoning has increased due to its potential to enhance the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, ensuring the validity of intermediate reasoning steps remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Giwon Hong , Wenda Li , Shay B. Cohen

Large language models (LLMs) are notorious for hallucinating, i.e., producing erroneous claims in their output. Such hallucinations can be dangerous, as occasional factual inaccuracies in the generated text might be obscured by the rest of…

Determining whether a program terminates is a central problem in computer science. Turing's Halting Problem established termination as undecidable, showing that no algorithm can universally determine termination for all programs and inputs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Oren Sultan , Jordi Armengol-Estape , Pascal Kesseli , Julien Vanegue , Dafna Shahaf , Yossi Adi , Peter O'Hearn

Verifying multi-step reasoning in large language models is difficult due to imprecise error localization and high token costs. Existing methods either assess entire reasoning chains, suffering attention dilution, or rely on expensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yulong Zhang , Li Wang , Wei Du , Peilin Li , Yuqin Dai Zhiyuan Zhao , Lingyong Fang , Ziniu Liu , Ru Zhang , Huijia Zhu , Gongshen Liu

A major challenge in applying machine learning to automated theorem proving is the scarcity of training data, which is a key ingredient in training successful deep learning models. To tackle this problem, we propose an approach that relies…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Eser Aygün , Zafarali Ahmed , Ankit Anand , Vlad Firoiu , Xavier Glorot , Laurent Orseau , Doina Precup , Shibl Mourad

Traditional approaches for validating molecular simulations rely on making software open source and transparent, incorporating unit testing, and generally employing human oversight. We propose an approach that eliminates software errors…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-19 Ejike D. Ugwuanyi , Colin T. Jones , John Velkey , Tyler R. Josephson

We introduce a novel task consisting in assigning a proof to a given mathematical statement. The task is designed to improve the processing of research-level mathematical texts. Applying Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools to research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Maximin Coavoux , Shay B. Cohen

Fact-checking is an essential task in NLP that is commonly utilized for validating the factual accuracy of claims. Prior work has mainly focused on fine-tuning pre-trained languages models on specific datasets, which can be computationally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Miaoran Li , Baolin Peng , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao , Zhu Zhang

The combination of verifiable languages and LLMs has significantly influenced both the mathematical and computer science communities because it provides a rigorous foundation for theorem proving. Recent advancements in the field provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Hanning Zhang , Ruida Wang , Rui Pan , Wenyuan Wang , Bingxu Meng , Tong Zhang

Neural network verification tools currently support only a narrow class of specifications, typically expressed as low-level constraints over raw inputs and outputs. This limitation significantly hinders their adoption and practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yizhak Y. Elboher , Reuven Peleg , Zhouxing Shi , Guy Katz , Jan Křetínský

Formal verification has emerged as a powerful approach to ensure the safety and reliability of deep neural networks. However, current verification tools are limited to only a handful of properties that can be expressed as first-order…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Xuan Xie , Kristian Kersting , Daniel Neider

Neural networks are one of the most investigated and widely used techniques in Machine Learning. In spite of their success, they still find limited application in safety- and security-related contexts, wherein assurance about networks'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Francesco Leofante , Nina Narodytska , Luca Pulina , Armando Tacchella

Software testing plays a critical role in ensuring that systems behave as intended. However, existing automated testing approaches struggle to match the capabilities of human engineers due to key limitations such as test locality, lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kangping Xu , Yifan Luo , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Formal proofs are challenging to write even for experienced experts. Recent progress in Neural Theorem Proving (NTP) shows promise in expediting this process. However, the formal corpora available on the Internet are limited compared to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Shaonan Wu , Shuai Lu , Yeyun Gong , Nan Duan , Ping Wei

Runtime verification is an effective automated method for specification-based offline testing and analysis as well as online monitoring of complex systems. The specification language is often a variant of regular expressions or a popular…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-11-11 Ramy Medhat , Yogi Joshi , Borzoo Bonakdarpour , Sebastian Fischmeister

Automated theorem proving is essential for the formal verification of safety-critical systems. As the corpus of formal proofs grows, a natural paradigm is to learn from existing proofs. However, current learning-based approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jian Fang , Yixun Yao , Yingfei Xiong
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